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鉴于水质评价足一个多因素、多指标的复杂体系,且评价指标、权重和污染程度等具有模糊性,采用模糊物元法对农村饮用水安全进行综合评估。模糊物元法通过建立模糊物元矩阵和权重矩阵,计算相应的欧式贴近度,并对各饮用水样安全度进行分级。该法采用熵值法赋权,有效避免了权重分配的主观化,并选取饮用水安全卫生评价准则,细化了饮用水安全等级。对陕西省某农村灌区进行实例应用,评价结果显示,浅层地F水局部已受污染,饮用水安全的水井仅占调查样本的30%。水质受工业污水排放及农业灌溉影响较大,不达标饮用水主要表现为Cl~-、SO~(2-)_4、Cr~(6+)、F~-等含量超标,硬度和矿化度普遍偏高。结合灌区调研资料可知,评价结果与实际情况基本一致,证明该评价方法具有较好的合理性和实用性。
In view of the fact that water quality evaluation is a complicated system with many factors and multiple indexes, and the fuzziness of evaluation indexes, weights and pollution levels, the fuzzy matter-element method is used to make a comprehensive assessment of rural drinking water safety. Fuzzy matter-element method calculates the Euclidean degree of closeness by establishing the fuzzy matter element matrix and weight matrix, and classifies the safety of each drinking water sample. This method uses the entropy method of weighting, effectively avoids the subjective weight distribution, and select drinking water safety and health evaluation criteria, refined drinking water safety level. A case study was conducted on a rural irrigation area in Shaanxi Province. The evaluation results show that the shallow part of the F water has been contaminated and the safe drinking water accounts for only 30% of the surveyed samples. Water quality is greatly affected by industrial wastewater discharge and agricultural irrigation. Non-standard drinking water is mainly characterized by Cl ~ -, SO ~ (2 -) _4, Cr ~ (6 +) and F ~ Generally high. According to the survey data of irrigation districts, the evaluation results are basically consistent with the actual situation, which proves that the evaluation method has good rationality and practicability.