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19世纪末20世纪初,由于英国、俄国对中国西藏地区的侵略,西南边疆形势危急。为维护国家统一、巩固西南边疆,国内各界人士提出一系列治理西藏的建议,包括西藏设立行省,在西藏兴办教育、建设铁路、发展邮政和电信事业等等。其中,许多建议具有一定的可行性,对当时中央政府和地方政府的治藏决策和实践产生了一定的影响,比如说近代化的学堂、邮政和电报设施在西藏有所发展。本文梳理了1888—1911年间西藏治理的建议,分析了这些建议的内涵和影响。
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, due to the British and Russian aggression against China’s Tibet area, the situation in the southwestern frontier was in critical condition. In order to safeguard national unification and consolidate the southwestern frontier, people from all walks of life in the country put forward a series of proposals for governing Tibet, including setting up a province in Tibet, setting up education in Tibet, building a railway, developing the postal service and telecommunications, and so on. Among them, many of the proposals have certain feasibility and have some influence on the decision-making and practice of Tibet government of the central and local governments at the time. For example, the modernization of schools, postal and telegraph facilities have been developed in Tibet. This paper reviews the suggestions of Tibet governance during 1888-1911, and analyzes the implications and implications of these proposals.