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依据前人的研究分析得知,天然坝的溃决主要是受坝体内部孔隙水压力的影响。因此,基于有效应力原理提出了溢流侵蚀溃决型坝的数学模型,该模型为溃坝时的临界孔隙水压力计算公式。通过对坝体孔隙水压力进行监测,可对该类型坝进行实时预报。为了检验该模型的正确性,设计并进行了大型野外溃坝模拟试验。经试验检验得知,该模型的可靠度较高;同时,该试验还得出了孔隙水压力在坝体内部的分布规律。所得成果对溢流侵蚀溃决型坝的预警预报具有参考价值。
According to the previous research and analysis, we know that the collapse of a natural dam is mainly affected by the pore water pressure inside the dam. Therefore, based on the principle of effective stress, a mathematic model of overflow erosion-type dam is proposed, which is the formula for calculating the critical pore water pressure during dam breakage. By monitoring the pore water pressure of the dam body, this type of dam can be predicted in real time. In order to verify the correctness of the model, a large field dam-break simulation experiment was designed and carried out. The experimental results show that the reliability of the model is high. Meanwhile, the distribution of pore water pressure inside the dam body is also obtained. The results obtained have the reference value for the early warning and forecasting of overflow erosion and collapse type dams.