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一、引言1900年施行的《德国民法典》,历经第一次世界大战、魏玛共和国、30年代世界经济大萧条、纳粹法西斯统治、东西德分裂、两德重新统一、欧洲共同体一体化,一直适用到今天。在这一百多年的发展过程中,德国的政治、经济、文化等领域的社会关系发生了巨大的变化,但是民法典在总体上却基本上保持了其制定之初的原貌。这一方面要归功于德国的立法机关,特别是第二次世界大战以后,德国立法机关在不断修订民法典有关章节、条款的同时,制定了大量的民事单行法,以调整新出现的社会经济关系。另一方面,德国各级司法机关,特别是第二次世界大战后设立的德国联邦最高法院(Bundes gerichts hof,简称BGH),通过其不断的司法审判活动,对民法及民法理论的发展也做出了重要的贡献。
I. INTRODUCTION The German Civil Code, implemented in 1900, has been used extensively since the First World War, the Weimar Republic, the Great Depression in the 1930s, the Nazi fascist rule, the East-West division, the reunification of the two Germanizations and the European Community. Apply to today. During this one hundred years of development, the social relations in Germany's political, economic and cultural fields have undergone tremendous changes. However, the civil code generally has basically maintained the original appearance of its formulation. This is due in part to the German legislature. Especially after the Second World War, the German legislature, while constantly revising the relevant sections and provisions of the Civil Code, has formulated a large number of civil solvency laws to adjust the emerging social economy relationship. On the other hand, the judiciary at all levels in Germany, especially the Bundesgerichts Hof (BGH) established after the Second World War, has also done a lot to promote the development of civil law and civil law theories through its continuous judicial activities Out of an important contribution.