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一般承认致癌作用的过程有启动作用(initiation),促癌作用(promotion),进展作用(progression)和转移作用(metustasis)等阶段.致癌物作用于细胞发生的变化,称为启动作用.若干化合物并非致癌物,但能促使肿瘤的发展,称为促癌作用,这些化合物,称为“促癌剂”(promoter). 在基因表达中凡激活基因表达的DNA顺序,被称为promoter,现在普遍译为“启动子”或“起动子”,这种译名有可能与启动作用的致癌物的涵意相混淆;也可能与蛋白质合成中的“启动因子”或“起始因子”
It is generally acknowledged that the process of carcinogenesis has initiation, promotion, progression and metastasis. Carcinogens act on the changes of cells and are called initiation. Several compounds It is not a carcinogen, but it can promote the development of tumors, known as carcinogenesis. These compounds are called “promoters.” In gene expression, the DNA sequence that activates gene expression is called the promoter. It is now common. Translated as “promoter” or “promoter”. This translation may be confused with the meaning of the carcinogenic substance that initiates the action; it may also be related to the “starting factor” or “initiation factor” in protein synthesis.