目的了解当前嘉兴地区青少年的性观念及性知识普及情况,为学校开展性健康教育提供理论依据。方法自行设计问卷,对嘉兴市1760名不同学龄层次的学生及290名家长开展随机抽样问卷调查。结果接受性知识认为很正常者以大学生最高为94.68%,小学生最低为9.04%;认为无所谓和难以启齿者以小学生最高,分别为53.10%和37.85%;支持性知识普及和开设性健康课程的学生比例均高于83%及89%;接受性知识教育的学生以初中生最高为90.69%;认为早恋、婚前性行为不应该或不道德的学生,以小学生最高,分别为45.76%和48.02%;认为无所谓、可以原谅、只要不怀孕、双方愿意就行,以大学生最高,分别为48.75%、79.37%、35.27%和55.74%;获得性知识途径排在首位均来自家长为61.43%;希望获得性知识的最佳途径排在首位均为学校为56.46%,与家长认知相同。结论青少年的正常生理发育与性健康教育不足,需要科学的性健康教育及指导,建议学校根据不同学龄特点开设性健康教育课程或专题讲座和对家长进行培训。 Objective To understand the prevalence of sexual attitudes and sexual knowledge among adolescents in Jiaxing and to provide a theoretical basis for carrying out sexual health education in schools. Methods The questionnaire was designed by ourselves. A random sample of 1760 students with different school-age levels and 290 parents in Jiaxing City was surveyed. Results Acceptance of knowledge is considered normal to the highest 94.68% of college students, the lowest was 9.04% of primary school students; those who think it indifferent and difficult to tell the highest pupils were 53.10% and 37.85% respectively; support for the popularization of knowledge and the introduction of sexual health students The proportion of students who received sexual education was 90.69% of that of junior high school students; those who thought premarital sex and premarital sex should not or should be unethical were the highest with pupils being 45.76% and 48.02% respectively; Think it does not matter, can be forgiven, as long as not pregnant, the two sides are willing to go on, the highest college students, respectively, 48.75%, 79.37%, 35.27% and 55.74%; access to sexual knowledge in the first place were from parents, 61.43%; The best way to go is 56.46% of the schools in the first place, which is the same as that of the parents. Conclusion Adolescents’ normal physiological development and sexual health education are inadequate. They need scientific sexual health education and guidance. Schools are suggested to offer sexual health education courses or special lectures and training for parents according to different school-age characteristics.