尼采是十九世纪后半期一位重要的思想家。他颠覆了从亚里士多德到黑格尔对悲剧的理论界定,赋予悲剧产生新的含义和性质。尼采用日神精神和酒神精神解释艺术创作的动因及过程,认为悲剧是一种酒神艺术,强调了在悲剧形成过程中原始冲动、醉等非理性因素的重要性。悲剧是对人生的肯定,它迫使我们采取乐观的态度。 Nietzsche was an important thinker in the latter half of the nineteenth century. He subverted the theoretical definition of tragedy from Aristotle to Hegel, giving the tragedy a new meaning and character. Nepal uses the spirit of the gods and spirit of the Dionysian to explain the motivation and process of artistic creation. He thinks that tragedy is a kind of Dionysian art, emphasizing the importance of the irrational factors such as primitive impulse and drunkenness in the tragedy formation. Tragedy is the affirmation of life, it forces us to adopt an optimistic attitude.