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糖尿病是一种遗传基因和环境因素相互作用引起的综合性代谢疾病,目前其发病率不断增长,而且并发症危害性大,严重影响着公共健康。根据对当前发展中国家人群的糖尿病高发病率的数据分析以及大量动物实验研究结果,节俭基因理论认为,长期自然选择引起的“快速消化食物并积累脂肪”这一生存优势是引起2型糖尿病的主要原因。然而,对于宫内发育迟缓胎儿成年后的糖尿病高发现象,节俭表型理论认为,胰岛细胞功能缺陷和外周胰岛素抵抗是机体对不良营养环境的代谢性适应,成年后的肥胖症和糖尿病是机体程序化控制所引起的;而且他们认为,欧洲血统人群的糖尿病易感性相对较低是由于欧洲人长期对高热量食物产生了代谢适应。总之,糖尿病遗传易感基因是决定糖尿病易感性的分子基础,而食物结构和生活方式等环境因素则影响了遗传易感基因的表达调控。因此,深入研究其病因学有助于探寻治疗糖尿病的新药物和新方案。
Diabetes mellitus is a comprehensive metabolic disease caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. At present, the incidence of diabetes mellitus is constantly increasing, and its complications are devastating and seriously affecting public health. According to the data analysis of the prevalence of diabetes in developing countries, and the results of a large number of animal experiments, the thrift gene theory suggests that the survival advantage caused by long-term natural selection is that rapid digestion of food and accumulation of fat is the cause of type 2 The main reason for diabetes. However, for the development of diabetes in adolescents with impaired fetal growth, the thrift phenotype theory suggests that islet cell dysfunction and peripheral insulin resistance are the metabolic adaptations of the body to an adverse nutritional environment. Adulthood and diabetes mellitus are adult procedures And they believe that the relatively low susceptibility to diabetes in European descendents is due to the long-term metabolic adaptation of high-calorie foods in Europe. In summary, genetic susceptibility to diabetes is the molecular basis for determining susceptibility to diabetes, and environmental factors such as food structure and lifestyle influence the expression of genetic susceptibility genes. Therefore, in-depth study of its etiology will help to explore new drugs and new programs for the treatment of diabetes.