随着全国人大常委会表决通过人口与计划生育法修正案,“全面两孩”生育新政正式获得了法律通行证。此次修法行动,不仅及时回应了民意关切,也践行了重大改革于法有据的法治原则。不过,计生法的修改,只是启动生育新政的第一步,“全面两孩”政策要真正调整到位,并非如此简单。首先,持续三十多年提倡一孩的政策导向,已经自上而下累积了繁琐坚固的制度体系,因而亟需全面清理、该废则废。与清理旧制陈规相比,更为关键的是加速构建与生育政策转型相适应的新制度体系,而 As the NPC Standing Committee voted to pass the amendment to the Population and Family Planning Law, the “All-Round Two Children” and the New Deal of Fertility officially won the legal pass. The revision exercise not only promptly responded to public concerns, but also carried out the major reforms in accordance with the principle of the rule of law based on law. However, the amendment to the Family Planning Law is only the first step towards launching the new birth policy. It is not so simple that the policy of “all-round-two-child” should be properly adjusted. First of all, the policy orientation of promoting one child for more than three decades has accumulated a complicated and sturdy system of government from top to bottom. Therefore, it is in urgent need of a comprehensive clean-up and a waste of waste. Compared with the old rules, it is more crucial to speed up the construction of a new institutional system that is compatible with the birth policy transformation. However,