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一、国内外铸造生产概况铸造是机械工业的基础。我国铸造行业职工只约有70万人,1979年我国铸件的年产量已达500余万吨,仅次于苏、美、日,居世界第四位。但我国铸造职工人数却占世界第一位,相当于美国的4倍,日本的6倍。我国铸造工业水平还很低,尤其是机械化、自动化水平还十分落后,全国绝大部分的铸造工人仍然是以简单的工具,在恶劣的环境中从事笨重的手工劳动。据1977年资料,我国一机系统铸造全员劳动生产率只有7～8吨/人年,相当于工业发达国家的1/6～1/10。全员劳动生产率是衡量铸造工业水平的重要标志。据报导,美国全员劳动生产率最
First, the casting production at home and abroad Casting is the basis of the machinery industry. China’s foundry industry workers only about 70 million people, in 1979 the annual output of castings in China has reached more than 500 million tons, second only to the Soviet Union, the United States, Japan, ranking fourth in the world. However, the number of foundry workers in our country occupies the first place in the world, equivalent to four times that of the United States and six times that of Japan. The level of foundry industry in our country is still very low. In particular, mechanization and automation are still far behind. The majority of foundry workers in China are still using simple tools to carry out heavy manual labor in harsh environments. According to the information of 1977, the labor productivity of the whole system in China is only 7-8 tons per person, equivalent to 1/6 to 1/10 of the industrialized countries. Full labor productivity is an important symbol of the level of the foundry industry. It is reported that the United States has the highest total labor productivity