有许多原因能使黄斑产生病变而引起视力减退。作者认为有四种疾病构成90%以上的后极部损害。这四种疾病按发病频数分述如下:一、年龄相关性黄斑变性。二、伴有黄斑水肿的非增殖性糖尿病性视网膜病。三、伴有或不伴有黄斑水肿的增殖性糖尿病性视网膜病。四、伴有黄斑水肿的视网膜静脉分支闭塞。黄斑疾病其病因可以来自脉络膜和或视网膜,若为后天性的,则几乎都是血管性的。 There are many reasons for the macular lesions can cause vision loss. The authors believe that there are four diseases constitute more than 90% of the posterior pole damage. The frequency of these four diseases are divided as follows: First, the age-related macular degeneration. Second, with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy of macular edema. Third, with or without macular edema, proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Fourth, accompanied by macular edema of the retinal vein branch occlusion. The etiology of the macular disease can come from the choroid and the retina, or, if acquired, almost all vascular.