域外绝大多数国家或地区的反垄断法覆盖了国有企业,未给予国有企业普遍豁免,但存在主要适用于国有企业的具体豁免。具体豁免的情形主要包括:国有企业的垄断行为不属于市场行为或经济行为;国有企业不具有独立地位;国有企业处于特殊管制行业或战略行业;国有企业承担具有主权属性的职能;国有企业承担具有公共服务属性的业务;国有企业受其它特别法规制。各国或地区一般采用功能标准而不是机体标准来考量其反垄断法是否豁免国有企业。我国《反垄断法》也包含有主要适用于国有企业的豁免规定,但立法条文较为模糊,造成了反垄断法实施的不确定性。因此,有必要由国务院反垄断委员会制定《反垄断法豁免国有企业指南》,以使相关规定具体化。 Antitrust laws in the vast majority of countries or regions outside the territory cover state-owned enterprises and have not been given a general exemption from state-owned enterprises. However, there are specific exemptions that are mainly applicable to state-owned enterprises. The specific exemptions mainly include: the monopoly behavior of state-owned enterprises does not belong to the market behavior or economic behavior; the state-owned enterprises do not have an independent status; the state-owned enterprises are in a special controlled or strategic industry; the state-owned enterprises assume the function of having the sovereign property; Public service properties of the business; state-owned enterprises by other special laws and regulations. Countries or regions generally adopt functional standards rather than body standards to consider whether their antitrust laws exempt state-owned enterprises. China’s “Anti-monopoly Law” also contains exemption provisions that are mainly applicable to state-owned enterprises. However, the legislative provisions are rather vague, resulting in the uncertainty of the implementation of the anti-monopoly law. Therefore, it is necessary for the antitrust committee of the State Council to formulate the Guide for Exempting State-owned Enterprises from Antitrust Law to make the relevant provisions concrete.