论文部分内容阅读
利用中间偃麦草(Thinopyrum intermedium)与普通小麦杂交育成的部分双二倍体——中5为外源抗性基因供体,通过花药培养途径,在它与几个冬小麦品种的5个杂交组合中,诱导出试管花粉绿苗144株,移栽加倍后,形成了49个加倍单倍体株系。通过小麦条锈病和黄矮病抗性鉴定获得了几个高抗黄矮病或者对条锈病近免疫的新材料。其中DH728对条锈病菌近免疫,2n=44,减数分裂构型为0.070Ⅳ+0.035Ⅲ+21.579Ⅱ+0.456Ⅰ,为双体异附加系;DH549和DH554不但对条锈病菌近免疫,而且高抗黄矮病,2n均为46,减数分裂构型分别为0.068Ⅳ+0.053Ⅲ+22.659Ⅱ+0.386Ⅰ和0.074Ⅳ+0.011Ⅲ+22.579Ⅱ+0.516Ⅰ,两者均为异多附加系;DH718高抗黄矮病,2n=44+tt,减数分裂构型为0.019Ⅳ+21.871Ⅱ+0.889tt+0.222t。初步推定这些材料的条锈抗性和黄矮病抗性来源于它们中所附加的中间偃麦草染色体。田间观察、细胞学观察和抗性鉴定表明,这些材料都基本稳定,在抗病育种中可作为亲本材料加以利用。
Partial diploid diploid - middle 5, which was obtained by crossing Thinopyrum intermedium with common wheat, was used as exogenous resistance gene donor. Through anther culture, in its five cross combinations with several winter wheat cultivars , Induced a test tube pollen green seedlings 144, doubled after transplanting, forming 49 doubling haploid strains. Several new anti-yellowish dwarf diseases or new vaccines against stripe rust were obtained through the identification of wheat stripe rust and yellow dwarf resistance. Among them, DH728 was nearly immunized against Stripe rust, 2n = 44, meiosis configuration was 0.070Ⅳ +0.035Ⅲ + 21.579Ⅱ + 0.456Ⅰ, which was an alloplasmic addition system; DH549 and DH554 were not only immune to Stripe rust, but also High resistance to yellow dwarf disease, 2n were 46, meiosis configuration were 0.068Ⅳ + 0.053Ⅲ + 22.659Ⅱ + 0.386Ⅰ and 0.074Ⅳ + 0.011Ⅲ + 22.579Ⅱ + 0.516Ⅰ, both of which are allosmobil ; DH718 was resistant to yellow dwarf disease, 2n = 44 + tt, meiosis configuration was 0.019Ⅳ + 21.871Ⅱ + 0.889tt + 0.222t. It is presumed that the stripe rust resistance and the yellow dwarf resistance of these materials are derived from the extra-chromosomal elements of Th. Field observation, cytological observation and resistance identification showed that these materials were basically stable and could be used as parent materials in resistance breeding.