前列腺癌是男性泌尿系统中最常见的恶性肿瘤。它的生物学行为与临床情况有很大的异质性,这一特点使前列腺癌的早期诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗及预后评价面临挑战。PET是反映肿瘤生物学的一种理想的非侵入性的功能显像方法,目前已有多种分子影像途径及药物用于前列腺癌的定位诊断及疗效监测。本文综述国内外有关前列腺癌分子影像学的最新PET研究进展并展望其发展前景。 Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in the male urinary system. Its biological behavior and clinical conditions have a great heterogeneity, which makes the diagnosis of prostate cancer, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation challenges. PET is an ideal noninvasive functional imaging method that reflects the biology of oncology. At present, many molecular imaging approaches and drugs have been used for the localization diagnosis and curative effect monitoring of prostate cancer. This review summarizes the recent advances in PET research both at home and abroad concerning molecular imaging of prostate cancer and prospects its development.