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婴幼儿期是小儿贫血发病率最高的年龄阶段,其中又以造血物质缺乏所致的营养性贫血最为多见。一、分类和临床特点 1.营养性缺铁性贫血:小儿出生时体内贮铁主要在妊娠最后3个月从母体获得,仅够生后3～4个月造血的需要。小儿不断生长发育,血容量增多,每天又有少量铁自粪、尿、汗中排泄,必须从饮食中得到补充。婴幼儿每天需铁1mg/kg,早产儿为2mg/kg,食物中摄入铁不足是本病的主要原因。贮铁不足(早产、多胎);需铁增多(生长迅速);吸收不良(慢性腹泻);消耗增加(感染、慢性失血)等均是机体铁缺乏的因素。本病临床上表现为贫血及骨髓外造血所致肝脾、淋巴结肿大。异食癖常见,部分患儿注意力不集中,理
Infancy is the age of children with the highest incidence of anemia, which in turn caused by a lack of hematopoietic nutrients, the most common anemia. First, the classification and clinical features 1. Nutritional iron deficiency anemia: Pediatric iron storage in vivo during the first 3 months of pregnancy obtained from the mother, only 3 to 4 months after birth, the need for blood. Children continue to grow and develop, blood volume increased, every day a small amount of iron excretion, urine, sweat excretion, must be supplemented from the diet. Infants and young children need 1mg / kg daily iron, 2mg / kg premature children, food intake of iron deficiency is the main reason for the disease. Iron deficiency (premature birth, multiple births); need iron increased (rapid growth); malabsorption (chronic diarrhea); increased consumption (infection, chronic blood loss) are all factors of the body iron deficiency. The clinical manifestations of the disease as anemia and extrahepatic hematopoietic liver and spleen, lymph nodes. Common pica, some children with low concentration, reason