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长白山森林源头溪流每年11月至次年4月有约70%的河面被冰覆盖,季节性冻融过程特征明显.为了揭示溪流冻结初期凋落叶分解与底栖动物定殖的关系,在长白山地区1条源头溪流中,利用2种孔径(5和0.3 mm)的尼龙分解袋对色木槭、紫椴、蒙古栎的单一及混合凋落叶进行了为期35 d的分解研究.结果表明:凋落叶质量损失率在单一树种间差异显著,表现为:色木槭>紫椴>蒙古栎,而在4种混合凋落叶间差异不显著;除紫椴和3树种混合凋落叶外,粗、细分解袋间凋落叶质量损失率差异不显著;凋落叶混合效应仅出现在紫椴-蒙古栎混合的粗分解袋内;定殖在不同凋落叶分解袋内的底栖动物群落结构差异较大,但撕食者密度在3种凋落叶间差异不显著,撕食者对凋落叶混合效应的响应也不显著.由结果可知,溪流冻结初期微生物是凋落叶的主要分解者,底栖动物的贡献率较低.虽然撕食者密度较低,但撕食者的活动是凋落叶混合效应出现的必要条件.底栖动物对食物和栖息地有一定的选择性,但由于定殖时间较短,凋落叶对撕食者定殖的影响不显著.本研究对源头溪流生态系统的冬季生态过程研究及生态系统管理具有一定的理论意义.
About 70% of the river surface covered by ice is covered by ice from forest source streams in Changbai Mountain from November to April of each year, and the seasonal freeze-thaw process is obvious. In order to reveal the relationship between litter decomposition and zoobenthos colonization in the initial freeze- In a source stream, the single and mixed litterfalls of Acer soongorica, Tilia amurense and Quercus mongolica were studied for 35 days using two kinds of nylon bags with two pore diameters (5 and 0.3 mm). The results showed that litter The rate of mass loss was significantly different among single species. The results showed as follows: Acer palmatum> Tilia amurense> Quercus mongolica, but no significant difference among the four kinds of mixed litter. In addition to mixed litter of Tilia amurensis and three species, The results showed that there was no significant difference in the mass loss rate of litter between the bags. The mixed effects of litter were only found in the coarse decomposition bags mixed with Tilia amurensis and Quercus mongolica. The community structure of macrobenthos colonized in different litter decomposition bags was quite different, There was no significant difference in tear litter density among the three litterfalls, and no significant difference was observed in litterman litter leaf litter mixing effect.The results showed that the microorganisms were the main decomposers of litter, Lower, though ripper close But the tearing behavior is the necessary condition for litter leaf mixed effect.Benthus has some selectivity to food and habitat, but because of the shorter colonization time, the litter leaves colonize the ripper The impact of this study is not significant.This study has certain theoretical significance for the winter ecological process research and ecosystem management of the source stream ecosystem.