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晚清时期,中国与秘鲁、巴西、墨西哥、古巴和巴拿马建立了正式外交关系。自中秘建交至清朝统治结束,除朝鲜外,清政府所有的建交国家都是拉美国家。因此,从时间进程上看,对拉美国家外交是晚清外交近代化的天然试验场。在近半个世纪的交往过程中,清政府与拉美国家双边关系的主要内容是华工问题,对拉美国家外交实践的若干特点又是其外交近代化在实质内容和程序形式上的重要体现。
In the late Qing period, China established official diplomatic relations with Peru, Brazil, Mexico, Cuba and Panama. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Peru and the end of the rule of the Qing Dynasty, all the countries of diplomatic relations established by the Qing Government are Latin American countries except North Korea. Therefore, from the perspective of time course, diplomacy toward Latin American countries is a natural test ground for the diplomatic modernization in late Qing Dynasty. In the course of nearly half a century of communication, the main content of the bilateral relations between the Qing government and Latin American countries is the issue of Chinese laborers. Some features of the diplomatic practice of Latin American countries are also the important manifestation of the substantive content and procedural forms of its diplomatic modernization.