层级过多、冗员、组织庞大是许多国企的通病,这与国企的行政化和机关化有关,与国企的市场地位和市场化竞争机制没有完全形成也有关。利用考核工具压减层级之所以难,就是因为没有把国企视为真正的市场竞争主体,没有把股东权益报酬率作为核心考核指标。国企层级过多一直是国资委力求解决的问题。2004年,国务院国资委成立仅仅一年就下发了《关于推动中央企业清理整合所属企业减少企业管理层次有关问题的指导意见》。但时至今日,这个问题仍不时在国企的审计报告和巡 Excessive levels, excessive staffing and large organizations are common problems for many state-owned enterprises, which are related to the administration and institutionalization of state-owned enterprises and are not related to the complete absence of the market position of state-owned enterprises and the market-oriented competition mechanism. The reason why the use of assessment tools to reduce and reduce the level of difficulty is because they did not regard SOEs as the real main body of market competition and did not regard the return on stockholders’ equity as the core assessment indicator. Too much SOE level has always been a problem that the SASAC seeks to solve. In 2004, just one year after the SASAC was established, the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Central Enterprises to Clean Up and Integrate Their Own Enterprises to Reduce the Management Level of Enterprises were issued in just one year. But up to now, this issue is still reported from time to time in state-owned enterprises