一、前言全国水利系统的水文数据的收集任务,是由遍布全国各地的雨量、水文站来完成的。据统计,目前水利部门管理的各类水文站有21436处,报汛站千余处。为了把如此多测站的水文情报费料迅速、有效地传递到有关部门,须采用先进的通信手段(或方式)和依靠庞大的通信网来实现。水利部门已经采用的通信手段是多种形式的,涉及的频段很宽(从短波一直到微波)。据了解,已经应用或即将应用的通信方式有:(1)通过邮电局的有线电话或防汛专用线;(2)通过邮电局无线发报;(3)水文站设置的短波电台发报或通话;(4)水文数据收集自动测报系统;(5)微波通信;(6)流星 I. Preface The task of collecting hydrological data of the national water conservancy system is accomplished by rainfall and hydrological stations all over the country. According to statistics, at present, there are 21436 hydrological stations managed by the water conservancy department, and more than a thousand flood warning stations are reported. In order to transmit the hydrological information charges of so many stations quickly and effectively to the departments concerned, we must adopt advanced means of communication (or methods) and relying on huge communication networks. The means of communication that the Ministry of Water Resources has adopted are diverse and involve a wide range of frequencies (from shortwaves to microwaves). It is understood that the communication methods that have been applied or are about to be applied are: (1) the telephone line or flood control line through the post office; (2) the wireless post through the post office; (3) the shortwave radio station set up by the hydrological station; 4) automatic data collection and reporting system for hydrological data; (5) microwave communication; and (6) meteor