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东北是我国重要的粮食主产区,在国家粮食安全保障中起着至关重要的作用.作物生产是主要的碳排放源,探明不同作物生产的碳足迹差异,对促进低碳农业发展具有重要意义.本研究利用2004—2013年东北三省主要粮食作物(水稻、玉米和大豆)的产量、播种面积、农田生产投入等统计数据,估算了该区粮食生产碳足迹.结果表明:2004—2013年,东北地区3种主要粮食作物中,水稻生产单位面积碳足迹最高,平均达到(2463±56)kg CE·hm~(-2),玉米次之.玉米的碳足迹上升趋势最明显,从2004年的1164 kg CE·hm~(-2)增加到2013年的1768kg CE·hm~(-2),增速为67 kg CE·hm~(-2)·a~(-1).在碳足迹构成中,化肥贡献最大,分别占水稻、玉米、大豆总碳投入的45%、90%、83%.水稻生产中灌溉用电所占比例为29%~42%,远高于玉米和大豆.东北三省碳足迹差异显著,3种作物的单位产量碳足迹均在吉林省最高,单位面积碳足迹均在黑龙江省最低.随着农村劳动力非农化和作物生产机械化的快速递增,未来粮食生产中柴油等机械化碳投入将快速增长.提升化肥利用效率、灌溉效率和机械化作业效率将是发展东北地区低碳农业的关键途径.
Northeast China is an important grain producing area in China and plays a crucial role in ensuring food security in the country.Crop production is the main source of carbon emissions and the differences in carbon footprint between different crop production are found to promote the development of low-carbon agriculture Significant.This study estimated the carbon footprint of food production in this area by using the statistics of the output, sown area and input of farmland production of the main food crops (rice, corn and soybean) in the three northeastern provinces of China from 2004 to 2013. The results show that: 2004-2013 Among the three main food crops in Northeast China, the highest carbon footprint per unit area of rice production was (2463 ± 56) kg CE · hm -2, followed by corn, with the most significant increase in carbon footprint from The 1164 kg CE · hm -2 in 2004 increased to 1768 kg CE · hm -2 in 2013, an increase of 67 kg CE · hm -2 · a -1. Among the carbon footprint composition, chemical fertilizers contributed the most, accounting for 45%, 90% and 83% of the total carbon inputs of rice, corn and soybean respectively. The proportion of irrigation electricity in rice production was 29% -42%, much higher than that of corn and Soybean.The carbon footprint of the three northeastern provinces is significantly different, the carbon footprint of the three kinds of crops are the highest in Jilin Province, the carbon footprint per unit area The lowest in Heilongjiang Province.With the rapid increase of rural labor force non-agriculturalization and mechanization of crop production, the input of mechanized carbon such as diesel oil in food production will increase rapidly in the future.Improve the efficiency of fertilizer use, irrigation efficiency and mechanization operation efficiency will be the development of northeast low Carbon agriculture is the key way.