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日本京都医科大学外科二部在1975～1978年间,前瞻性地收集日本西部40所医院胆道手术发现有肝内结石者,进行了分析。结石分为胆固醇结石、胆红素结石和黑色结石三种,90％用肉眼观察分类,其余经显微镜或化学分析作鉴定。
Kyoto University of Surgeons in Japan from 1975 to 1978, two prospectively collected 40 hospitals in western Japan found biliary tract stones were intrahepatic stones were analyzed. Stones are divided into three kinds of cholesterol stones, bilirubin stones and black stones, 90% with the naked eye to observe the classification, the rest by microscopy or chemical analysis for identification.