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[目的]筛选出对番茄土传病有防治效果的生防菌。[方法]该研究以番茄青枯病菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)和番茄枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)为靶标菌,利用梯度稀释涂板法和平板对峙生长法从土样中分离、筛选出分别对这2种病原菌具有较强抑制作用的拮抗细菌;并对其抑菌谱及代谢分泌物进行测定,运用Neighbor-Joining方法构建系统发育树,对拮抗细菌进行种属鉴定。[结果]从60份土样中分离出对番茄青枯病菌有拮抗作用的细菌59株,其中抑菌圈直径>25 mm的有10株;对番茄枯萎病菌有拮抗作用的细菌30株,其中抑制率>30%的有4株。上述14株菌株中,N23-2、N58-2、NF59-3、NF61-1对多种病原细菌和病原真菌皆具有较好的拮抗作用;产纤维素酶的菌株有12株,产蛋白酶的菌株有11株,产嗜铁素的菌株有6株。种属鉴定结果表明:有4株属多粘芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus),3株属链霉菌(Streptomyces),3株属假单胞菌(Pseudomonas),4株属芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)。[结论]该研究结果为番茄土传病害的生物防治提供更多的微生物资源。
[Objective] The research aimed to select the biocontrol microbes that had the prevention and cure effect on tomato soil disease. [Method] With Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum as target bacteria, the methods of gradient dilution and plate growth were used to separate from the soil samples. Pathogenic bacteria has a strong inhibitory effect on the antagonistic bacteria; and its antibacterial spectrum and metabolic secretions were measured, the use of Neighbor-Joining method to build phylogenetic tree species of antagonistic bacteria identification. [Result] 59 strains of bacteria that had antagonistic effect on tomato bacterial wilt were isolated from 60 soil samples, among which 10 strains were> 25 mm in inhibition zone and 30 strains were antagonistic to Fusarium oxysporum f. 4 strains with the inhibition rate> 30%. Of the 14 strains mentioned above, N23-2, N58-2, NF59-3 and NF61-1 had better antagonistic activity against various pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic fungi; 12 strains producing cellulase had protease-producing There are 11 strains, 6 strains produce ferritin. Species identification results showed that 4 strains belonged to Paenibacillus, 3 strains belonged to Streptomyces, 3 strains Pseudomonas and 4 strains Bacillus. [Conclusion] The results provided more microbial resources for biological control of tomato soil-borne diseases.