2014年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖颁给了爱尔兰裔美国暨英国籍神经科学家约翰?奥基夫教授,以及挪威心理学家、神经科学家爱德华?莫泽与迈?布利特?莫泽教授夫妇,以表彰他们的重要发现:发现构成大脑定位系统的细胞,即位置细胞与网格细胞的发现。在1971年,当时还非常年轻的奥基夫教授发明了多通道在体记录技术,在动物活体的情况下,把电极插到动物的大脑中,可以看到电位的变化。当时奥基夫把电极插入到大鼠海马的CA1部位,想观察神经元的活动。结果发现,在某个特定位置经过的时候,大鼠脑内CA1部位神经元活动频率非常高。神经元只是在这个特定位置放电,在其他的位置没有任何活动。所以奥基夫就想到,可能是位置 The 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was presented to Irish-American-British neuroscientist Professor John O’Keeffe and Norwegian psychologist and neuroscientist Edward Moser and Stephan Moore, In recognition of their key findings: Finding the cells that make up the brain’s positioning system, the location of cells and the cells of the grid. In 1971 Professor O’Keeffe, still very young at the time, invented the multichannel in-situ recording technique, which in the case of living animals inserted the electrode into the animal’s brain and saw the change in potential. At that time, O’Keeffe inserted the electrode into the CA1 area of ​​the rat hippocampus and wanted to observe the neuronal activity. The results showed that the neurons in the CA1 area of ​​the rat brain had a very high frequency of activity when passing through a specific location. Neurons only discharge at this particular location, and do not have any activity elsewhere. Therefore, O’Keefe thought, may be the location