牛津版9A Unit1-2语法解析

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  很多同学一直认为英语就是语法学不会,一些题目很难判断正确答案。其实同学们只要根据课本每一单元语法部分的每一环节,细心地去理解并掌握,英语语法并没有想象中的那么难。本文就结合牛津英语9Aunit1-2语法知识,对重点知识作简单的讲解,并链接2011的中考题,希望同学们能够更好地把握这两单元的语法知识。
  9A Unit1语法
  1. It is + adj. + of sb. +(not )to do sth.
  e.g. It is kind/friendly/silly of you to do so.
  (此种句型中的形容词是指of后的人所具备的性格特征或品行,如:friendly, kind, silly,clever,careful, careless, selfish, generous, foolish等。)
  区别:of sb.与for sb.
  of sb.一般表示主观情感或态度的形容词。(good, kind, nice, clever, rude, wise, selfish等)
  for sb.一般表示客观情况的形容词。(hard, difficult, easy, important, interesting, necessary等)
  【中考链接】
  (1) It’s very nice_______ you_______my parents your best wishes.(2011•江苏无锡)
  A. of; sending B. of; to send
  C. for; to send D. for; sending
  答案解析It’s+nice/good/clever/careless/ careful of sb. to do sth.是个固定结构,同时这里的nice表示主观情感或态度的形容词,故答案选B。
  (2) —They said sorry to me, but I wouldn’t listen.
  — It is foolish of you_______others for the mistakes.(2011•江苏苏州)
  A. forgive B. not forgive
  C. to forgive D. not to forgive
  答案解析It is + adj. + of sb. +(not)to do sth.的结构,根据句意:不原谅别人的错误是愚蠢的。故答案选D。
  (3) 在业余爱好上花些时间对我们来说是必要的。(2011•江苏无锡)
  It is necessary______________ on our hobbies.
  答案解析for us to spend much time(这里necessary表示客观情况的形容词)。
  2. be + adj. + enough + to do sth.
  【典型例题】
  Tom is______________to wait for 3 years.
  A. impatient enough B. enough impatient
  C. patient enough D. enough patient
  答案解析根据句意:Tom有足够耐心等3年,排除A、B;根据be + adj. + enough结构,故答案选C。
  3. 句子的成分:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、宾补、定语、状语等。
  中考直接对句子成分的考查题目很少,但是中考经常考查学生对句子成分的理解,所以同学们要学会分析句子成分,这样在审题的时候会觉得句子结构很清晰,从而提高解题的正确性。
  9A Unit 2语法
  1. would ratherthan
   would rather的主要句型有以下两种:
  1) would rather (not) do sth.宁愿(不)做某事
  2) would rather do A than (do) B宁愿做事情A,而不愿做事情B在此句型中,如果两个动词相同则后面一个动词可以省略
  【中考链接】
  I wouldn’t go to the concert this evening.
  Iwatch NBA on TV. It is more exciting .
  (2011•江苏扬州)
  A. had better B. would rather
  C. ought to D. have to
  答案解析根据句意:今天晚上我不去听音乐会。我宁愿在电视上看NBA,它更令人兴奋。故答案选B。
  2. prefer to
  prefer的重点句型有以下几种:
  1) prefer (not) to do sth.
  宁愿(不)做某事= would rather (not) do sth.
  2) prefer sb. (not) to do sth.宁愿某人(不)去做某事
  3) prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做事情A,而不愿做事情B
  =would rather do A than (do) B
  =prefer doing A to doing B (这种句型属于第4种句型,to为介词)
  4) prefer A to B = like A better than B喜欢A,而不喜欢B(此句型中to为介词,其中A和B可以是名词、代词、动名词或动名词短语)
  【中考链接】
  (1) Jane’s mother preferred_______TV at home to_______to the concert.(2011•江苏无锡)
  A. to watch; go B. watching; going
  C. watching; go D. to watch; going
  答案解析prefer doing sth. to doing sth.“比起……来更喜欢……”,故答案选B。
  (2) —Would you like some coffee?
  —Yes, and please get me some milk, too. I prefer coffee_______milk.(2011•江苏南京)
  A. to B. with
  C. then D. of
  答案解析有的同学会由于思维定势,根据固定结构prefer A to B,“喜欢A,而不喜欢B”,会选择A,但是这个结构放在这个句子中语境不通,本句的语境应该是:我更喜欢加牛奶咖啡。所以同学们做题一定要考虑试题所设定的语境。故答案选B。
  3. 由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词及none的用法
  由some,any,no和every可以与one, body,thing构成复合不定代词,它们的用法与some,any的用法相同。下面就同学们练习中易混淆的几个复合不定代词作简单介绍。
  no one, nothing和none的区别:
  (1) no one(=nobody)
  1)不与of连用;2)谓语动词用单数;3)只能指人,但不具体指什么人;4)一般用来回答who,及含anyone, anybody引起的疑问句。如:
  1) No one likes a person with bad manners.
  2) —Who is in the room?—No one.
  3) —Is there anyone in the room?—No one.
  (2)none
  1) 可与of连用;2) 谓语动词用单或复数;3) 用来指代前面提到过的人或物;4) 一般用来回答how many +名词(复数), how much +名词(不可数)及含any+名词引起的疑问句。如:
  1) None of us have/has seen him.
  2) —How many students are there in the room?
  —None.
  3) —Is there any water in the glass?—None.
  4) —How much money do you have ?—None.
  (3) nothing
  1) 指物;2) 谓语用单数;3) 一般用来回答含anything的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。如:
  1) —What is in the box?—Nothing.
  2) —Is there anything in the sky?—Nothing.
  3) —Can you see anything without glasses?
  —Nothing.
  【中考链接】
  (1)_______ may have a chance to be successful if he tries his best.(2011•重庆)
  A. Somebody B. Everybody
  C. Nobody D. None
  答案解析根据句意:如果尽最大努力,每个人都可以有机会成功,故答案选B。
  (2)_______is impossible if you put heart into it.(2011•安徽)
  A. Anything B. Something
  C. Everything D. Nothing
  答案解析世上无难事,只怕有心人。故答案选D 。
  (3) —I’m hungry, is there any bread in the fridge?
  — _____ But we have cakes. Would you like to have one?(2011•安徽)
  A. Some B. Much
  C. None D. Nothing
  答案解析这里回答用none,代替上文已提到的名词bread,故答案选C。
  【实战演练】
  ()1. We think it is difficult_______them _____ the charity walk without team spirit. (2011•江苏南通)
  A. for; to finish B. of ;to finish
  C. for; finishing D. of ; finishing
  ()2. It is very friendly_______ him to help me when I’m in trouble.(2011•江苏扬州)
  A. for B. to
  C. of D. with
  ()3. It’s very kind_______ you. Thank you for your help.(2010•盐城)
  A. of B. for
  C. to D. on
  ()4. It is very important for us_______ English well.(2011•四川)
  A. learn B. learning
  C. to learn D. learned
  ()5. Tom has grown_______ enough to take care of_______ .(2011•江苏南京)
  A. tall; him B. tall; himself
  C. old; him D. old; himself
  ()6. Xiao Li said she would rather_______join us.(2009•江苏无锡)
  A. did not B. to not
  C. not D. not to
  ()7. When people want to relax themselves, they prefer_______ TV or listen to music rather than_______ newspapers.(2011•四川)
  A. watching; read B. watching; to read
  C. to watch; read D. to watch; reading
  ()8. I knocked on the door but_______answered.(2011•北京)
  A. somebody B. nobody
  C. anybody D. everybody
  ()9.—How much homework has your cousin finished?
  —at all.He has sat there the whole morning, doing_______ .
  A. None; nothing B. Nothing; none
  C. No one, nothing D. nothing; none
  ()10. Boys and girls, I have got _______to tell you. Please listen to me carefully.
  A. important something
  B. anything important
  C. nothing important
  D. something important
  【参考答案】1-5 ACACD6-10 CCBAD
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