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目的对一起学校结核病集聚疫情发生的影响因素进行分析,为制定有效防控策略提供科学依据。方法通过对线索患者的诊治过程进行调查,制定流调方案,对密切接触者进行PPD试验,对PPD强阳性、未做PPD、未看PPD结果的学生拍摄胸部X光片。结果对全年级1 521名师生进行了结核病症状筛查,共有1 491名师生做了PPD试验,其中强阳性反应149人,发现肺结核患者25例,线索患者所在班发病人数最多,为10例,占发病人数的40%;线索患者所在宿舍发病人数最多,为3例,占发病人数的12%。结论应加强学校结核病防治知识的健康教育,提高学生对结核病知识的知晓率,落实晨检和请销假制度,及时发现、隔离、规范治疗肺结核患者是减少聚集性肺结核疫情发生的有效手段。
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of a cluster epidemic in school tuberculosis and provide a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies. Methods Through the investigation of the diagnosis and treatment of clues to patients, the program of flow adjustment was made, the PPD test was conducted on the close contacts, and the chest radiographs were taken on the students with strong positive PPD, no PPD and no PPD. Results A total of 1 521 teachers and students were enrolled in this study. A total of 1 491 teachers and students conducted a PPD test. Among them, 149 were strongly positive and 25 were found to have pulmonary tuberculosis. Cases, accounting for 40% of the number of patients; clues to the dormitory where the largest number of patients, 3 cases, accounting for 12% of the number of patients. Conclusions Health education should be strengthened in TB prevention and control in schools to improve students’ awareness of tuberculosis knowledge. The implementation of morning inspection and the system of asking for leave should be timely found, isolated and standardized treatment of tuberculosis patients is an effective means to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis.