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目的分析河南省近5年疟疾的流行特征,探讨发病趋势,为科学制定防治策略提供依据。方法从国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统中收集整理河南省2009~2013年的疟疾疫情数据及所有相关的病例信息,用描述流行病学方法分析疟疾病例在时间、地区和人群中的分布特点。结果 2009~2013年间全省共发生疟疾3 189例,年均发病率为0.68/10万,年发病数总体呈递减趋势,但输入性疟疾所占比例逐年增多,且感染类型更为复杂。2009~2010年,15个高发县(区)的病例占绝大多数,近三年疟疾发病逐渐呈现点状散发状态;全年均有疟疾病例发生,但2010年以前疟疾流行季节性特征明显,病例多集中在流行季节的5~10月,近三年没有明显的季节高峰,全年发病水平平稳;人群分布上,男女性别比为2.16:1(2 179:1 010),30~59岁年龄组发病人数最多,占病例总数的52.78%,农民为主。结论河南省近5年疟疾发病人数逐年下降,疫情稳定,但输入性疟疾形势严峻,加大宣传力度,强化技术培训,做好流动人口管理,应作为今后疟疾防治工作的重点。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Henan Province in recent 5 years, and to explore the trend of incidence and provide the basis for scientifically formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods The malaria epidemic data and all related case information from 2009 to 2013 in Henan Province were collected and collected from the national disease surveillance information reporting management system. The epidemiological method was used to analyze the distribution characteristics of malaria cases in time, region and population. Results A total of 3 189 cases of malaria were found in the province from 2009 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 0.68 / 100 000. The annual incidence rate showed a decreasing trend, but the proportion of imported malaria increased year by year and the infection type was more complicated. From 2009 to 2010, 15 high incidence counties (districts) accounted for the vast majority of cases, the incidence of malaria in recent three years gradually showed a state of punctate distribution; malaria cases occurred throughout the year, but the seasonal characteristics of malaria pre-2010 were obvious, The cases were mostly concentrated in the 5 to 10 months of the epidemic season, with no obvious seasonal peak in the recent three years and stable incidence throughout the year. The population distribution was 2.16: 1 (2 179: 1 010) and 30 to 59 The highest incidence of age group, accounting for 52.78% of the total number of cases, mainly farmers. Conclusion The number of malaria cases in Henan Province has been decreasing year by year and the epidemic situation is stable. However, the malaria situation of imported malaria is severe. Strengthening publicity, strengthening technical training and managing floating population should be the focus of malaria control in the future.