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为探究新疆吐鲁番地区‘无核白’葡萄水分和矿质元素的周年吸收规律,以4年生‘无核白’葡萄为试材,采用密闭式营养液循环供给系统栽培,避免了水分和矿质元素的流失,并设置低、中、高浓度(0.5、1.0和1.5倍标准配方浓度)的Hoagland营养液处理。在葡萄植株的生长发育过程中持续测定营养生长(新梢长度、新梢粗度、叶片面积)和生殖生长(果粒横径、果粒纵径、单果质量、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸)指标,检测和计算了不同发育阶段葡萄植株对水分和矿质元素的吸收量,并测定葡萄叶片和果实中矿质元素的含量变化。结果表明,中浓度营养液栽培的‘无核白’葡萄长势中庸,果实品质最佳,作为吐鲁番地区葡萄水分和矿质营养吸收量的参考依据,其生理需水量为每年4 149.5m~3·hm~(-2),矿质元素每公顷的吸收量分别为N 227.9 kg,P 22.9 kg,K 325.9 kg,Ca 341.8 kg,Mg 117.8 kg,Fe 1.9 kg,Mn 460.6 g,Cu 182.3 g,Zn 198.1 g,B 728.3 g。花后47~75 d,‘无核白’葡萄植株的水分和矿质元素吸收速率最大。叶片和果实中的矿质元素含量总体呈高浓度营养液处理>中浓度营养液处理>低浓度营养液处理的趋势。
In order to explore the annual absorption law of water and mineral elements of ’Seedless’ white grapes in Turpan region of Xinjiang, 4-year-old ’seedless’ grapes were used as test materials and closed-type nutrient solution recycling system was used to avoid water and mineral elements Drain and set Hoagland nutrient solution treatments at low, medium and high concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 times the standard recipe concentration). Vegetative growth (shoot length, shoot height, leaf area) and reproductive growth (fruit size, fruit length, fruit weight, soluble solids, titratable acid) were continuously measured during the growth and development of grape plants Indicators, the detection and calculation of the different developmental stages of grape plants absorb moisture and mineral elements, and determination of grape leaves and fruits of mineral elements in the content of change. The results showed that the seedless white grapes cultivated by medium nutrient solution grew moderately and the fruit quality was the best. As the reference basis for grape moisture and mineral nutrient absorption in Turpan, the physiological water requirement was 4 149.5 m 3 · hm ~ (-2). The uptake of mineral elements per hectare were N 227.9 kg, P 22.9 kg, K 325.9 kg, Ca 341.8 kg, Mg 117.8 kg, Fe 1.9 kg, Mn 460.6 g, Cu 182.3 g, Zn 198.1 g , B 728.3 g. From 47 to 75 days after anthesis, the seedlings of ’Seedless’ grape had the highest water and mineral absorption rate. The content of mineral elements in leaves and fruits showed the trend of high concentration nutrient solution treatment> medium concentration nutrient solution treatment> low concentration nutrient solution treatment.