近年来,一种新型技术——微流控芯片技术因其分析速度快、消耗低、体积小、操作简单等特点而备受世界各国的广泛重视.该技术以微通道网络为基本特征,以微机电系统(MEMS)工艺为技术依托,将整个实验室的功能集成在微小芯片上,即构成所谓“芯片实验室”.本文从该技术的基本情况出发,介绍了微流控芯片的发展,并从仪器小型化、系统集成化、不同的芯片材料以及多种检测技术等方面,着重讨论了其在水环境污染分析方面的实际应用和发展前景,指出了它当前所面临的一些问题.随着微流控芯片的不断发展,高速多通道检测装置、低成本设备以及集成了多种方法的高通用性微流控检测芯片,都将成为未来研究的热点. In recent years, a new type of technology, microfluidic chip technology, has attracted worldwide attention for its fast analysis speed, low consumption, small size and simple operation, etc. The technology takes the microchannel network as the basic feature and uses Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) process for the technical support, the entire laboratory functions integrated in the tiny chip, which constitutes the so-called “chip lab ” starting from the basic situation of the technology, introduced the microfluidic chip Development, and from the instrument miniaturization, system integration, different chip materials and a variety of detection techniques, focused on its practical application in water environment pollution analysis and development prospects, pointed out that some of the problems it currently faces With the continuous development of microfluidic chips, high-speed multichannel detection devices, low-cost devices and high-versatility microfluidic detection chips with integrated methods will become the hot topics in the future.