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腹泻是许多非感染性疾病的常见症状,对那些主要不影响肠道的感染(如疟疾),有时可有明显腹泻。腹泻也是药物(包括抗菌素)治疗的常见副作用。抗菌素引起的腹泻偶可非常严重,甚至引起死亡。许多感染性腹泻疾病(如轮状病毒胃肠炎和葡萄球菌毒素食物中毒)应用抗菌素治疗无效。此外,某些细菌性胃肠道感染,如沙门氏菌病,尽管已对该沙门氏菌株作了体外敏感性试验,应用抗菌素治疗也未见改善。因此,抗菌素应用应仅限于某些业已证明特效化疗在临床上有效的胃肠道感染。其先决条件是对腹泻疾病作出正确诊断。
Diarrhea is a common symptom of many non-infectious diseases and can sometimes manifest diarrhea for infections that do not primarily affect the gut (such as malaria). Diarrhea is also a common side effect of medication (including antibiotics). Antibiotics can cause diarrhea even very serious, and even cause death. Many infectious diarrheal diseases such as rotavirus gastroenteritis and staphylococcal toxin food poisoning are ineffective with antibiotic therapy. In addition, certain bacterial gastrointestinal infections, such as Salmonellosis, have not been shown to improve with antibiotic treatment despite in vitro susceptibility testing of the Salmonella strain. Therefore, antibiotic use should be limited to certain clinically effective gastrointestinal infections that have been shown to be associated with specific chemotherapies. The precondition is to make a correct diagnosis of diarrheal diseases.