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随着医疗技术的迅速发展和医学知识的普及,人们逐渐认识到微营养素在孕妇营养中起重要作用,尤其在发展中国家,孕妇多种微营养素缺乏相当普遍。研究表明,围生期微营养素缺乏会导致孕妇贫血、分娩早产儿和低体质量儿及导致胎儿发育迟缓等,而围生期适当补充微营养素可预防相关疾病的发生。铁、锌、维生素A和维生素C等微营养素与妊娠结局密切相关,对孕妇及婴儿的健康影响较大。现对微营养素缺乏对母婴健康的影响及其预防作一综述。
With the rapid development of medical technology and the popularization of medical knowledge, people are gradually realizing that micronutrients play an important role in the nutrition of pregnant women. In developing countries in particular, micronutrient deficiencies in pregnant women are quite common. Studies have shown that perinatal micronutrient deficiency can lead to anemia in pregnant women, premature delivery of children and low birth weight children and lead to fetal retardation, etc., while the appropriate perinatal micronutrients can prevent the occurrence of related diseases. Micronutrients such as iron, zinc, vitamin A and vitamin C are closely related to pregnancy outcomes and have a greater impact on the health of pregnant women and infants. Now on the impact of micronutrient deficiencies on maternal and child health and prevention are reviewed.