非经济增长所增加的环境和社会成本要远远超过其所增加的生产收益 ,这在理论上是讲得通的 ,然而在新古典范式中却是反常的。但是为什么在另一个范式生态经济学中 ,非经济增长的可能性是显而易见的呢 ?新古典范式只是允许增长永远持续下去 ,但是并不强制它这样。从历史上看 ,有过强行增长 ,因为在一个“空的世界”中 ,正是依靠增长解决了马尔萨斯、马克思和凯恩斯先后提出的三个重大问题。现在被用来解决这三个问题的国家政策被“全球化”大大削弱了 The environmental and social costs of non-economic growth far outweigh the added benefits of their production, which are theoretically plausible but nevertheless anomalous in the neoclassical paradigm. But why is the possibility of non-economic growth evident in another paradigm of eco-economics? Neo-classical paradigms simply allow growth to last forever, but not so. Historically, there has been forcible growth because it is in an “empty world” that it is by growth that the three major issues that Malthus, Marx and Keynes successively put forward have been solved. The national policies now being used to solve these three problems have been greatly weakened by “globalization.”