目前儿童侵袭性真菌感染的患病率有升高趋势,病死率较高,早期诊断和及时有效的抗真菌治疗对患儿的存活至关重要。但儿科对本病的认识尚不充分,早期诊断有时较为困难,现介绍儿童常见侵袭性肺部真菌感染的发生因素、临床和影像学表现、微生物学检查包括血清学检查、诊断和治疗。 At present, the prevalence of invasive fungal infections in children is on the rise, and the mortality is high. Early diagnosis and timely and effective antifungal therapy are very important for the survival of children. However, pediatric knowledge of the disease is not sufficient, early diagnosis is sometimes more difficult, are introduced to children with common causes of invasive pulmonary fungal infection, clinical and radiographic findings, microbiological tests, including serological tests, diagnosis and treatment.