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目前高产麦田产量的主要限制因素是栽培技术跟不上,偏早播种、过大的播量和群体、盲目而单一过量地施化肥和追肥等等是高产麦区较普遍的问题。要突破高产麦田产量徘徊局面,必须改革不合理的栽培技术,完善和实行高产栽培技术指标。现仅提出主要指标如下: 一、高产小麦的最佳播期指标随着地力培肥、营养三要素逐步协调、高产小麦某些生育进程有提前的趋势,土壤磷素营养的提高,冬前分蘖增多。生产上普通存在高产麦田偏早播和“一刀切”播种期,不问地力、不管品种生态类型,多数是整好地种上完事。确定高产麦田特别是精播高产麦田的最佳播种期应考虑以下三方面指标:①当地候平均气温在16—18℃,播后7天出苗;②播后越冬前有效积温在600—620℃之间;③播后越冬前主茎叶龄达7左右,不超过8叶露尖。单株分蘖达7个左右,三叶大蘖在70%以上,半冬性品种穗分化达单棱期。使群体够数,长相为不旺不滞的小壮苗。最佳播种期是建立合理群体动态结构的前提。
At present, the main limiting factors for the yield of high-yielding wheat fields are cultivation techniques can not keep up, prematurely sowing, excessive sowing and groups, blind and over-fertilization of fertilizer and topdressing are the more common problems of high-yielding wheat. To break through the high yield of wheat field output wandering situation, we must reform unreasonable cultivation techniques, improve and implement high-yielding cultivation techniques. Only the main indicators are as follows: First, the best sowing date of high-yield wheat With soil fertility, nutrition and three elements of gradual coordination of some high-yielding wheat growth process in advance, the increase of soil phosphorus nutrition, tillering before winter increase. The production of ordinary high-yielding wheat fields in the early sowing and “one size fits all” sowing period, regardless of fertility, regardless of the type of ecological species, most of them are well-species to finish. The following three aspects should be considered in determining the optimal sowing date for high-yield wheat fields, especially for high-yielding sowing high-yielding wheat fields: (1) Local average temperature is 16-18 ℃ and emerge 7 days after sowing; (2) Effective accumulated temperature before sowing is 600-620 ℃ ; ③ after sowing before winter, the main stem leaf age of 7 or so, no more than 8 leaves exposed tip. There are about 7 tillers per plant, more than 70% of the big tillers of the trilobes, and the single ear of the ear of the semi-winter varieties. Make the group enough, looks not busy without a small strong seedlings. The optimal sowing period is the premise of establishing a dynamic structure of reasonable groups.