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以郑单958为材料,在滴灌施肥条件下设不施氮(N0)、不施磷(P0)、不施钾(K0)和氮磷钾均施(NPK)4个处理,以传统灌溉施肥方式(施用量同NPK处理)为对照,研究滴灌水肥一体不同肥料配施夏玉米产量与氮磷钾吸收、分配及利用特性。结果表明,滴灌条件下,相较于磷钾肥,玉米对氮肥更敏感。N0处理的产量、干物质积累量、整株氮磷吸收量均显著降低,其叶片钾含量、茎鞘磷含量极显著增加,导致叶片钾积累量、茎鞘磷积累量显著增加。P0和K0处理玉米产量、干物质积累量、植株氮素吸收量均与NPK处理无显著差异,分别导致磷素和钾素吸收量显著降低。不施磷钾肥处理氮素从秸秆向子粒的转运受到限制,子粒含氮量下降,氮素收获指数显著降低。滴灌条件下,氮磷钾肥平衡施用玉米养分吸收均衡、分配合理,物质生产和产量显著高于传统灌溉施肥方式。
Taking Zhengdan958 as material, four treatments, N0, P0, K0 and NPK, were applied under the condition of drip irrigation and fertilization. (NPK treatment) as a control, the effects of drip irrigation and fertilization on the yield, N, P and K absorption and distribution of summer maize with different fertilizers were studied. The results showed that under drip irrigation, maize was more sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer than phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. N0 treatment significantly reduced the yield, dry matter accumulation and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of the whole plant, and significantly increased the content of potassium and the content of phosphorus in stems and sheaths, resulting in the accumulation of potassium in leaves and accumulation of phosphorus in stems and roots. P0 and K0 treatment of maize yield, dry matter accumulation, plant nitrogen uptake and NPK treatment were no significant differences, respectively, resulting in significantly reduced phosphorus and potassium uptake. Nitrogen transport from straw to grain without phosphorus and potassium fertilization was limited, nitrogen content in grain decreased and nitrogen harvest index decreased significantly. Under drip irrigation, balanced application of N, P, K fertilizers to balanced maize uptake was reasonable and the distribution was reasonable. The material production and yield were significantly higher than those of conventional irrigation and fertilization methods.