我国古代的钢铁热处理技术有许多伟大成就,其中主要是铸铁柔化处理、钢的淬火处理和化学热处理。现在简单介绍于后。一、铸铁柔化处理我国是世界上最早发明和使用生铁的国家。早在春秋(公元前770～前476年)、战国(公元前475～前221年)时代,就用生铁铸造生产工具和生活用具了。这些早期铁器一般都是白口铸铁,性硬而脆。为了改善它的使用性能,人们发明了铸铁柔化处理,它包括石墨化退火和脱碳退火两类。 1974年,在洛阳战国早期灰坑出土了几件铁器,分析了其中一件铁锛、一件铁铲,发现它们都是生铁铸成的。铁锛銎部表层已经脱碳,稍里为珠光体组织,中心为白口铁。铁铲表层亦已脱碳,稍里相当于黑心可锻铸铁,在铁素体基体上分布着发展得比较充分的团 China’s ancient iron and steel heat treatment technology has many great achievements, including the main cast iron softening treatment, quenching steel and chemical heat treatment. Now briefly introduced later. First, the soft iron castings China is the world’s first country to invent and use pig iron. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC to 476 BC) and the Warring States Period (475 BC to 221 BC), pig iron was used to mold production tools and domestic appliances. These early iron are generally white cast iron, hard and brittle. In order to improve its performance, people have invented the iron softening treatment, which includes two types of graphitization and decarburization annealing. In 1974, several pieces of ironwork were unearthed in the early pits in the Warring States Period in Luoyang and one of the iron pieces was analyzed. A shovel was found, all of which were found to have been cast into pig iron. Iron 銎 銎 Ministry of surface decarburization, slightly pearlite organization, the center of white iron. Iron shovel surface also decarburization, slightly black iron malleable cast iron in the ferrite matrix distribution of the development of a more adequate group