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视点(point of sight)是叙事视角中的核心问题,狭义上主要指叙述聚集,对叙述语言中的故事内容进行相应讲述和观察等。叙述视角被兹韦坦·托多洛夫(Tzvetan Todorov)分为以下三个视角:(1)外视角;(2)内视角;(3)全知视角。陀思妥耶夫斯基(ФёдорМихайловичДостоевский)的小说在叙事话语中以及人物话语描写方面中具有鲜明的特点,乌斯宾斯基对视点也作出相关卓越研究,在语言、心理状态以及意识形态等方面的视点较为突出,陀思妥耶夫斯基中的小说叙事研究被乌斯宾斯基学者总结得淋漓尽致。笔者认为,通过分析陀思妥耶夫斯基小说话语层面的视点,可以让我们更好地认识到双声语的基本含义和叙述话语的基本概念,帮助读者更好地理解和认识著名符号学家——乌斯宾斯基的结构诗学特点。
Point of sight is the core issue in the perspective of narrative. In the narrow sense, the point of sight mainly refers to the gathering of narratives, and narrates and observes the story contents in the narrative language. Narrative perspective is divided into three perspectives by Tzvetan Todorov: (1) outside perspective; (2) inside perspective; (3) omniscient perspective. The novel of Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский has distinctive features in the narrative discourse as well as portrayal of portraits. Uspensky also made some remarkable studies on his point of view. In terms of language, psychology and ideology The viewpoint of Fiction narrative in Dostoyevsky was summed up most by Ussingsky scholars. The author believes that by analyzing Dostoevsky’s novel discourse perspective, we can better understand the basic meaning of dual vocal language and the basic concepts of narrative discourse to help readers to better understand and understand the famous semiotics Uspensky ’s Structural Poetics.