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目的探讨低水平氯乙烯对作业工人的职业危害。方法以某PVC树脂厂接触氯乙烯生产工艺的362名工人为接触组,该厂不接触任何化学毒物的280名勤务人员为对照组,进行职业健康体检,并采样测定工作场所空气中氯乙烯含量。结果接触组工人出现相关疾病临床症状和体征的检出率与对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05),不同工龄组工人在食欲减退、头晕、失眠、皮肤干燥、四肢乏力、手足麻木、肢体酸痛、肝大、脾大、血红蛋白降低、转氨酶升高和白细胞下降与工龄呈正相关,且有统计学意义(P<0.05),窦性心律不齐、窦性心动过缓、HDL-C下降、CHO升高和TG升高检出率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论长期接触低浓度氯乙烯对作业工人神经系统、心血管系统和脂代谢等有一定的损害,亦可改变作业工人的精神状态和某些行为功能。
Objective To investigate the occupational hazards of low-level vinyl chloride to workers. Methods A total of 362 workers in a PVC resin plant contacted with vinyl chloride production process were used as the contact group. 280 service workers who did not contact with any chemical toxins were employed as the control group for occupational health examination and samples were taken to measure the vinyl chloride content in the workplace air . Results The incidence of clinical symptoms and signs of the related diseases in the exposure group were significantly different from those in the control group (P <0.05). The workers in different age groups had lower appetite, dizziness, insomnia, dry skin, weakness in limbs, numbness in hands and feet (P <0.05), sinus arrhythmia, sinus bradycardia, HDL-C (P <0.05), limb pain, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, hemoglobin decreased, elevated transaminases and leukopenia were positively correlated with length of service (P <0.05). The detection rate of CHO and TG were higher than those of control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Long-term exposure to low concentrations of vinyl chloride may damage the nervous system, cardiovascular system and lipid metabolism of workers and may also change the mental status and some behavioral functions of workers.