While human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have promising applications in regenerative medicine,most of the hiPSC lines available today are not suitable for clinical applications due to contamination with nonhuman materials,such as sialic acid,and potential pathogens from animal-product-containing cell culture systems.Although several xeno-free cell culture systems have been established recently,their use of human fibroblasts as feeders reduces the clinical potential of hiPSCs due to batch-to-batch variation in the feeders and time-consuming preparation processes.In this study,we have developed a xeno-free and feeder-cell-free human embryonic stem cell (hESC)/hiPSC culture system using human plasma and human placenta extracts.The system maintains the self-renewing capacity and pluripotency of hESCs for more than 40 passages.Human iPSCs were also derived from human dermal fibroblasts using this culture system by overexpressing three transcription factors-Oct4,Sox2 and Nanog.The culture system developed here is inexpensive and suitable for large scale production.