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18.股份制是在市场经济和社会化大生产基础上发展起来的,通过集股筹措资本或资金进行生产经营的一种资本组织形式。其基本形式是股份公司。股份公司通过发行股票,把分散的资本或资金集中起来进行生产经营活动,是实现资本或资金所有权与经营权分离的有效形式之一。股份制所体现的仅仅是所有制关系的一种外部形式,资本主义可以用,社会主义也可以用。因此,不能笼统地说股份制这种经营方式是公有还是私有,关键看控股权掌握在谁手中。国家和集体控股,具有明显的公有性,有利于扩大公有资本的支配范围,增强公有制的主体作用。
18. Joint-stock system is a form of capital organization developed on the basis of market economy and socialized large-scale production, through the collection of capital raising funds or funds for production and operation. Its basic form is a stock company. Stock companies, through the issuance of stocks, to centralize decentralized capital or funds for production and business operations, are one of the effective ways to achieve the separation of ownership and management of capital or funds. What the shareholding system embodies is just an external form of the ownership system. Capitalism can be used and socialism can be used. Therefore, it can not be generally said that the joint-stock management system is public or private, and the key is controlling the controlling shareholder. State and collective control, with obvious public ownership, is conducive to expanding the scope of the control of public capital and enhance the dominant role of public ownership.