“如果没有标准化,那么就不会有现代经济。”①引言有关知识产权的标准经济学理论非常有名。智力成果乃公共物品。首先,其复制比原创要容易得多,便宜得多。如果对发明不享有某种形式的独家权,那么谁都不愿意(或者没有足够多的人愿意)去创新。因此,知识产权是“解决”公共物品问题的方案之一,因为它将公共物品私有化,从而使潜在的发明者有动力去进行研究和开发。② “Without standardization, there is no modern economy.” ① Introduction The standard economics theory of intellectual property is well known. Intellectual achievements are public goods. First, it’s much easier and cheaper to copy than original. If you do not enjoy some form of exclusive right over invention, then no one wants (or not enough people) to innovate. Therefore, intellectual property is one of the solutions to the problem of public goods because it privatizes public goods so that potential inventors are motivated to conduct research and development. ②