论文部分内容阅读
为探讨密云水库流域土壤动物的群落组成及物种多样性特征,为密云水库生态系统的保护和可持续发展提供科学依据,于2015年6—7月,采用Tullgren干漏斗法和手捡法对北京密云水库流域的5个生境[杏林(Ⅰ)、紫穗槐林(Ⅱ)、柳树林(Ⅲ)、桑树林(Ⅳ)和沙棘林(Ⅴ)]进行土壤动物调查研究。结果:共捕获土壤动物3 087头,隶属2门4纲15目,其中优势类群有4类,即中气门亚目、等节跳科、球角跳科和双翅目;常见类群有4类,即隐气门亚目、长角跳科、同翅目、鞘翅目幼虫,两者共占总捕获量的94.5%。在空间分布上,除生境Ⅴ外,其他生境土壤动物的垂直分布均呈现明显的表聚性。在5个不同生境中,土壤动物群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的大小顺序为Ⅰ=Ⅲ﹥Ⅴ﹥Ⅳ﹥Ⅱ;Margalef丰富度指数的大小顺序为Ⅰ﹥Ⅲ﹥Ⅴ﹥Ⅱ﹥Ⅳ;Simpson优势度指数的大小顺序为Ⅴ﹥Ⅳ﹥Ⅰ﹥Ⅲ﹥Ⅱ;Jaccard相似性系数表明,Ⅲ和Ⅳ之间为极相似,其他生境两两之间为中等相似。
In order to explore the community composition and species diversity of soil fauna in the Miyun Reservoir watershed, and to provide a scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable development of the Miyun Reservoir ecosystem, Tullgren dry funnel method and hand picking method were applied to Beijing Five habitats (Xinglin (Ⅰ), Amorpha fruticosa (II), Willow grove (Ⅲ), mulberry (Ⅳ) and seabuckthorn (Ⅴ) in Miyun reservoir watershed were investigated in soil animals. Results: A total of 3 087 soil animals were captured, belonging to 2 orders, 4 orders and 15 orders. Among them, there were 4 dominant species, namely, Mesocarpus, Mesozoic, Dipterocarpaceae and Diptera; , That is, HIDD, HORN, Homoptera, Coleoptera larvae, both together accounted for 94.5% of the total catch. In the spatial distribution, in addition to Habitat Ⅴ, the vertical distribution of soil animals in other habitats showed obvious surface aggregation. In five different habitats, the order of Shannon-Wiener diversity index of soil fauna was Ⅰ = Ⅲ> Ⅴ> Ⅳ> Ⅱ. Margalef abundance index was in the order of Ⅰ> Ⅲ> Ⅴ> Ⅱ> Ⅳ. Simpson The order of dominance index is Ⅴ> Ⅳ> Ⅰ> Ⅲ> Ⅱ. The Jaccard similarity coefficient indicates that the similarity between Ⅲ and Ⅳ is similar, and that of other habitats is moderately similar.