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目的了解北京市公共建筑集中空调冷却塔军团菌污染水平。方法 2013年5月-2013年9月,选择本市5类16户大中型公共建筑冷却塔作为调查对象;每间隔2个~3个月采集冷却水样品并进行嗜肺军团菌实验室检测。结果采集冷却水样192件,嗜肺军团菌污染总体阳性率为34.4%;5月-9月冷却水嗜肺军团菌阳性率分别为100.0%、22.9%、52.2%、39.6%和20.8%,各月之间冷却水嗜肺军团菌阳性率差异具有统计学意义(χ2=16.78,P<0.05);直接接触型(开放式)和间接接触型(封闭式)两类冷却塔嗜肺军团菌阳性率差异无统计学意义;酒店、商场、办公楼、医院和地铁车站等几类场所冷却水嗜肺军团菌阳性率分别为34.1%、40.5%、13.3%、61.1%和100.0%,不同类型公共建筑间冷却水嗜肺军团菌阳性率存在差异(χ2=22.60,P<0.05)。结论北京市公共建筑冷却塔军团菌污染较为严重;应结合冷却塔特征,特别是水处理方式等因素进一步综合分析。
Objective To understand the level of Legionella pneumophila in Beijing public buildings central air conditioning cooling tower. Methods From May 2013 to September 2013, five types of 16 large and medium-sized public buildings cooling towers were selected as the survey subjects; samples of cooling water were collected at intervals of 2 to 3 months and subjected to Legionella pneumophila laboratory tests. Results The positive rate of Legionella pneumophila polluted by 192 samples of cooling water was 34.4%. The positive rates of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water from May to September were 100.0%, 22.9%, 52.2%, 39.6% and 20.8% respectively, The positive rates of Legionella pneumophila in the cooling water between each month were statistically significant (χ2 = 16.78, P <0.05). Legionella pneumophila, two types of direct contact (open) and indirect contact (closed) The positive rates of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water were 34.1%, 40.5%, 13.3%, 61.1% and 100.0% respectively in several places such as hotels, shopping malls, office buildings, hospitals and subway stations. There was a difference in the positive rate of Legionella pneumophila between public buildings (χ2 = 22.60, P <0.05). Conclusion The contamination of Legionella in cooling tower of public buildings in Beijing is more serious. The characteristics of cooling tower, especially the way of water treatment, should be further analyzed comprehensively.