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目的 为了解海南省贫困地区儿童乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗接种及乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）携带状况,为制定贫困地区乙肝疫免疫应用策略提供依据。方法 调查儿童用标准组群抽样（PPS）方法,检测HBsAg用ELISA方法。结果 贫困地区5岁以下儿童乙肝疫苗全程接种率为39.9％,HBsAg携带率为9.4％。接种乙肝疫苗能有效降低HBsAg携带率,接种疫苗较未接种儿童的HBsAg携带率低72.5％;不同接种率地区的HBsAg携带率不同,两个市县间、城镇与农村间的接种率及HBsAg携带率均存在显著性差异。导致乙肝疫苗接种率低的主要原因为收费过高和不知道要接种。结论 给新生儿接种乙肝疫苗能有效地降低儿童的HBsAg携带率,降低乙肝疫苗接种费用,加强乙肝防治知识的宣传是提高贫困地区乙肝疫苗接种率的必要措施。
Objective To understand the hepatitis B (HB) vaccination and HBsAg carrier status in children in poverty-stricken areas in Hainan Province, and to provide evidence for the development of hepatitis B immune strategy in impoverished areas. Methods The children were surveyed by standard group sampling (PPS) method and ELISA method was used to detect HBsAg. Results In the poverty-stricken areas, the overall vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine was 39.9% in children under five years old, and the HBsAg carrier rate was 9.4%. Vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine can effectively reduce the carrier rate of HBsAg, HBsAg carrier rate of vaccinated children than non-vaccinated children low 72.5%; HBsAg carrier rates in different vaccination areas are different, between cities and counties, the vaccination rate of urban and rural areas and HBsAg There are significant differences in rates. The main reason for the low rate of hepatitis B vaccination is overcharging and unknowing about vaccination. Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccination can effectively reduce the carrier rate of HBsAg in children, reduce the cost of hepatitis B vaccination, and strengthen the publicity of hepatitis B prevention and control knowledge to improve the coverage of hepatitis B vaccination in poor areas.