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目的分析2010-2014年哈尔滨市手足口病流行病学特征,为制定防控策略提供参考依据。方法收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中相关的手足口病病例资料,对病原学检测结果及流行特征进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2010-2014年哈尔滨市分别报告手足口病2 897例、7 702例、6 459例、3 965例和6 053例,发病率分别为28.95/10万、72.41/10万、62.10/10万、37.38/10万和57.05/10万;发病高峰为每年5-9月,7月为全年最高峰;各年龄组发病数男性均高于女性,3岁左右儿童为手足口病高发人群;不同年份之间病例的肠道病毒构成比差异有统计学意义(χ2=974.37,P<0.01)。2010年、2011年和2014年肠道病毒EV71型占优势,2012年肠道病毒Cox A16型占优势,而2013年则以其他肠道病毒为主。结论 2011年、2012年和2014年较其他两年手足口病发病率有所上升;2012年和2013年手足口病优势毒株发生转变;防控工作的重点人群为3岁左右的散居儿童和托幼儿童,应加强疫情监测及实验室检测能力。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Harbin during 2010-2014 and provide reference for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of cases related to hand-foot-mouth disease in Chinese disease prevention and control information system were collected, and the epidemiological analysis of the results and epidemiological characteristics of the etiology were described. Results From 2010 to 2014, Harbin City reported 2,897 cases of HFMD, 7,702 cases, 6,459 cases, 3,965 cases and 6,053 cases respectively, with the incidence rates of 28.95 / 100000, 72.41 / 100000, 62.10 / 100000 , 37.38 / 100000 and 57.05 / 100000 respectively. The peak incidence was from May to September each year and July was the peak of the year. The incidence of each age group was higher than that of women, while the age of 3 years was the high incidence of HFMD. The incidence of enterovirus in different years was statistically different (χ2 = 974.37, P <0.01). In 2010, 2011 and 2014, enterovirus EV71 predominates. In 2012, the enterovirus Cox A16 predominates, while in 2013 it is dominated by other enteroviruses. Conclusions The incidence of HFMD increased in 2011, 2012 and 2014 compared with the other two years. In 2012 and 2013, the dominant strains of HFMD changed. The focus groups for prevention and control were scattered children aged 3 years and Care children, children should be strengthened epidemiological surveillance and laboratory testing capabilities.