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摘要：本文针对初三英语书面表达中存在的十个常见方面的问题，以典型的例句，配以恰当的诊断分析，使初三学生借以提高书面表达的能力。
关键词：初三英语 书面表达 典型例句 分析诊断
初中英语新课标对写作提出了五级要求：（1）能根据写作要求收集、准备素材；（2）能独立起草短文、短信等，并在教师指导下进行修改；（3）能使用常见的连词表示顺序和逻辑关系；（4）能简单描述任务和事件；（5）能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或说明。笔者根据自己多年教学实践，现将学生习作中常见的错误归类如下。
一、单词拼写或书写错误
1.I study in gread nine class three.
2.My frist birthday present is a book.
3.We should do somethings to protect our environment.
4.We rided to a park.
5.He likes moon cakes.
【分析诊断】
例1：单词“年级”正确拼写为grade；作为专有名词“九年级三班”应注意大小写及位置，正确形式为Class Three,Grade Nine。
例2：frist应该拼写为first。
例3：something本来就表达了某事或某些事的意思，无需添加s。除非要表达一些东西，写为 some things。
例4：动词ride的过去式、过去分词应该是rode、ridden不规则变化。
例5：月饼一词应该是一个完整单词mooncake。
二、冠词错误
1.For a long time they walked without saying a word. Jim was the first to break a silence.
2.We went there by a bus.
3.If you have an enough sleep,...
4.My the second hometown is Suzhou.
5.We played in park.
【分析诊断】
例1：特指双方都知道的情况a 应改为the。
例2：by+交通工具，其间不用冠词或其他修饰词。
例3：sleep作为抽象名词，不可数，无需冠词。
例4：序数词前已有限定词my，冠词the多余。
例5：公园park一词是可数名词，首次出现应有冠词a。
三、代词错误
1.We should have a good diet to keep our healthy.
2.In the evening me have rice and meat for supper.
3.We usually watch the moon with ourselves′ parents.
4．He′s music has perfect melody.
5.Zhou Jielun is a famous singer.Their songs sound good.
【分析诊断】
例1：keep +名词/代词+形容词 ，表示保持某人/某物的某种状态的常见结构，此处应将物主代词our改成人称代词us。
例2：代词作主语应该用主格代词，所以me改为I。
例3：“我们自己的父母”英语写法应该是“our own parents”反身代词没有所有格。
例4：人称代词没有所有格，要表示他的需要用物主代词his。
例 5：代词指代Zhou Jielun的歌当然是单数 “他的his”而不是他们的。
四、汉语式英语
1.You can by bus.
2.In China have different places of interest.
3.In autumn is best season for traveling.
4.Although our school is very usual, but it′s beautiful in my heart.
5.Lots of schoolmates early go to school.
【分析诊断】
例1．此句中缺少谓语动词，而介词短语此处只做方式状语，因此需添加动词go。You can go by bus.
例2．此处的“有”应该表达“存在”的概念，因此该用there be结构。In China there are different places of interest.
例3.in autumn只能做时间状语，而此处缺的是主语。因此介词省去。Autumn is the best season for traveling.
例4受汉语“虽然……但是……”的影响，将两词连用成“although…but…”，而在英语同一句子中只用这两个词的其中之一表示汉语的“虽然……但是……”
例5．“早早到校”的英语表达是go to school early，副词early应位于句末。
五、时态、语态错误
1.We left our hometown for almost twenty years.
2.We are going to see an action movie if it won′t rain tomorrow.
3.Great changes have been taken place in our country.
4.So the roads were become wider and wider.
5.These things couldn′t buy twenty years ago.
【分析诊断】
例1.时间状语是for+段时，主句应该用现在完成时，并且谓语动词应该是持续性动词。left应改为have been away from。
例2.条件、时间状语从句英语规定将来时不能用将来时而应改为一般现在时。won′t rain应改为doesn′t rain。
例3.take place是不及物動词短语，没有被动语态。Great changes have taken place in our country.
例4.动词become在这里是系动词，后接形容词比较级作表语。系动词通常没有被动语态。So the roads became wider and wider.
例5.此处应用被动式couldn′t be bought.因为东西是被买的。These things couldn’t′ be bought twenty years ago.
六、逻辑结构错误
1.Playing football not only makes me grow up tall and strong but also give me the spirit of teamwork.
2.She was smiling but nodding at me.
3.Don′t worried! They still have five minutes left.
4.The old man can′t tell if the young people still like eating the mooncakes or not on Mid-autumn Day.
5.Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.
【分析诊断】
例1.give应改为gives；Playing football not only makes me grow up tall and strong but also gives me the spirit of teamwork.
例2.but 应改为and；She was smiling and nodding at me.
例3.worried应改为worry / be worried；Don′t be worried! They still have five minutes left.
例4.if应改为whether。“whether…or not”为常见结构；The old man can′t tell whether the young people still like eating the mooncakes or not on Mid-autumn Day.
例5.谓语动词的单复数形式要与句子的主语保持一致。it指代to borrow them一个动作为单数，且根据句子前面的时态可知为一般现在时，所以cost应改为costs。
七、固定结构错误
1.He said in the phone that he had an orange harvest.
2.Today morning we left home at 6：00.
3. It′s because you become very hungry at noon that you eat too much for lunch.
4.This was because there was no machine allowing a person to breathe under water for long time.
5.The cup is full with water.
【分析诊断】
例1“在电话里说……”应用介词on。
例2“今天上午”的英语说法是this morning。
例3 very改为so，so+形容词 / 副词+that结果状语从句。
例4 for long time改为for a long time，表示“一段时间”。
例5 “……充（结）满……”有两种表示方法，be full of …或be filled with…
八、标点符号错误
1.While she is reading《Gone With the Wind》,I am cooking.
2.My sister bought a lot of fruits for me,such as bananas,oranges,apples and pears.
3.Good manners can be seen in everyday life.For example:a person with good manners is kind and helpful to others.
4.We are studying and living at the famous university—Beijing University.
5.We were led into a nearest fabric shop that was divided into two parts.
【分析诊断】
例1英文中的印刷体用斜体字表示书籍、报刊、戏剧、电影、绘画作品等的名称,在书写体或打字机打的文本中用字下划线表示斜体字;英文常用逗号来代替冒号;而句号是用实心小黑点表示。
1.While she is reading Gone With the Wind,I am cooking.（印刷体)
While she is reading?‘Gone With the Wind’,I am cooking.（书写体)
例2.英文标点中没有中文形式的顿号、书名号、句号和省略。My sister bought a lot of fruits for me,such as bananas,oranges,apples and pears.还有,英文中的省略号其实是三个句号的并列,许多学生由于受中文影响常错误地把英文省略号写成六点。
例3汉语中的冒号还可用在“如次”“如下”“例如“像等引起下文的提示语后边。在英文表达中,“for example”（例如)一类的词后常用逗点代替冒号。Good manners can be seen in everyday life.For example,a person with good manners is kind and helpful to others.
例4对于同位语,英语一般使用逗点而不用破折号。英文中破折号的用法远没有中文的丰富。
We are studying and living at the famous university,Beijing Univers-ity.
例5从句意来看,上句是一个非限制性定语从句,故应在shop后加逗点“,”；We were led into a nearest fabric shop,which was divided into two parts.
总之，语言的学习是一个长时间积累的过程，英语书面表达也不例外。只有很好地理解英语的表达结构、习惯、語法等，再加以多写多练的积累，英语书面表达自然就会提高。
关键词：初三英语 书面表达 典型例句 分析诊断
初中英语新课标对写作提出了五级要求：（1）能根据写作要求收集、准备素材；（2）能独立起草短文、短信等，并在教师指导下进行修改；（3）能使用常见的连词表示顺序和逻辑关系；（4）能简单描述任务和事件；（5）能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或说明。笔者根据自己多年教学实践，现将学生习作中常见的错误归类如下。
一、单词拼写或书写错误
1.I study in gread nine class three.
2.My frist birthday present is a book.
3.We should do somethings to protect our environment.
4.We rided to a park.
5.He likes moon cakes.
【分析诊断】
例1：单词“年级”正确拼写为grade；作为专有名词“九年级三班”应注意大小写及位置，正确形式为Class Three,Grade Nine。
例2：frist应该拼写为first。
例3：something本来就表达了某事或某些事的意思，无需添加s。除非要表达一些东西，写为 some things。
例4：动词ride的过去式、过去分词应该是rode、ridden不规则变化。
例5：月饼一词应该是一个完整单词mooncake。
二、冠词错误
1.For a long time they walked without saying a word. Jim was the first to break a silence.
2.We went there by a bus.
3.If you have an enough sleep,...
4.My the second hometown is Suzhou.
5.We played in park.
【分析诊断】
例1：特指双方都知道的情况a 应改为the。
例2：by+交通工具，其间不用冠词或其他修饰词。
例3：sleep作为抽象名词，不可数，无需冠词。
例4：序数词前已有限定词my，冠词the多余。
例5：公园park一词是可数名词，首次出现应有冠词a。
三、代词错误
1.We should have a good diet to keep our healthy.
2.In the evening me have rice and meat for supper.
3.We usually watch the moon with ourselves′ parents.
4．He′s music has perfect melody.
5.Zhou Jielun is a famous singer.Their songs sound good.
【分析诊断】
例1：keep +名词/代词+形容词 ，表示保持某人/某物的某种状态的常见结构，此处应将物主代词our改成人称代词us。
例2：代词作主语应该用主格代词，所以me改为I。
例3：“我们自己的父母”英语写法应该是“our own parents”反身代词没有所有格。
例4：人称代词没有所有格，要表示他的需要用物主代词his。
例 5：代词指代Zhou Jielun的歌当然是单数 “他的his”而不是他们的。
四、汉语式英语
1.You can by bus.
2.In China have different places of interest.
3.In autumn is best season for traveling.
4.Although our school is very usual, but it′s beautiful in my heart.
5.Lots of schoolmates early go to school.
【分析诊断】
例1．此句中缺少谓语动词，而介词短语此处只做方式状语，因此需添加动词go。You can go by bus.
例2．此处的“有”应该表达“存在”的概念，因此该用there be结构。In China there are different places of interest.
例3.in autumn只能做时间状语，而此处缺的是主语。因此介词省去。Autumn is the best season for traveling.
例4受汉语“虽然……但是……”的影响，将两词连用成“although…but…”，而在英语同一句子中只用这两个词的其中之一表示汉语的“虽然……但是……”
例5．“早早到校”的英语表达是go to school early，副词early应位于句末。
五、时态、语态错误
1.We left our hometown for almost twenty years.
2.We are going to see an action movie if it won′t rain tomorrow.
3.Great changes have been taken place in our country.
4.So the roads were become wider and wider.
5.These things couldn′t buy twenty years ago.
【分析诊断】
例1.时间状语是for+段时，主句应该用现在完成时，并且谓语动词应该是持续性动词。left应改为have been away from。
例2.条件、时间状语从句英语规定将来时不能用将来时而应改为一般现在时。won′t rain应改为doesn′t rain。
例3.take place是不及物動词短语，没有被动语态。Great changes have taken place in our country.
例4.动词become在这里是系动词，后接形容词比较级作表语。系动词通常没有被动语态。So the roads became wider and wider.
例5.此处应用被动式couldn′t be bought.因为东西是被买的。These things couldn’t′ be bought twenty years ago.
六、逻辑结构错误
1.Playing football not only makes me grow up tall and strong but also give me the spirit of teamwork.
2.She was smiling but nodding at me.
3.Don′t worried! They still have five minutes left.
4.The old man can′t tell if the young people still like eating the mooncakes or not on Mid-autumn Day.
5.Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.
【分析诊断】
例1.give应改为gives；Playing football not only makes me grow up tall and strong but also gives me the spirit of teamwork.
例2.but 应改为and；She was smiling and nodding at me.
例3.worried应改为worry / be worried；Don′t be worried! They still have five minutes left.
例4.if应改为whether。“whether…or not”为常见结构；The old man can′t tell whether the young people still like eating the mooncakes or not on Mid-autumn Day.
例5.谓语动词的单复数形式要与句子的主语保持一致。it指代to borrow them一个动作为单数，且根据句子前面的时态可知为一般现在时，所以cost应改为costs。
七、固定结构错误
1.He said in the phone that he had an orange harvest.
2.Today morning we left home at 6：00.
3. It′s because you become very hungry at noon that you eat too much for lunch.
4.This was because there was no machine allowing a person to breathe under water for long time.
5.The cup is full with water.
【分析诊断】
例1“在电话里说……”应用介词on。
例2“今天上午”的英语说法是this morning。
例3 very改为so，so+形容词 / 副词+that结果状语从句。
例4 for long time改为for a long time，表示“一段时间”。
例5 “……充（结）满……”有两种表示方法，be full of …或be filled with…
八、标点符号错误
1.While she is reading《Gone With the Wind》,I am cooking.
2.My sister bought a lot of fruits for me,such as bananas,oranges,apples and pears.
3.Good manners can be seen in everyday life.For example:a person with good manners is kind and helpful to others.
4.We are studying and living at the famous university—Beijing University.
5.We were led into a nearest fabric shop that was divided into two parts.
【分析诊断】
例1英文中的印刷体用斜体字表示书籍、报刊、戏剧、电影、绘画作品等的名称,在书写体或打字机打的文本中用字下划线表示斜体字;英文常用逗号来代替冒号;而句号是用实心小黑点表示。
1.While she is reading Gone With the Wind,I am cooking.（印刷体)
While she is reading?‘Gone With the Wind’,I am cooking.（书写体)
例2.英文标点中没有中文形式的顿号、书名号、句号和省略。My sister bought a lot of fruits for me,such as bananas,oranges,apples and pears.还有,英文中的省略号其实是三个句号的并列,许多学生由于受中文影响常错误地把英文省略号写成六点。
例3汉语中的冒号还可用在“如次”“如下”“例如“像等引起下文的提示语后边。在英文表达中,“for example”（例如)一类的词后常用逗点代替冒号。Good manners can be seen in everyday life.For example,a person with good manners is kind and helpful to others.
例4对于同位语,英语一般使用逗点而不用破折号。英文中破折号的用法远没有中文的丰富。
We are studying and living at the famous university,Beijing Univers-ity.
例5从句意来看,上句是一个非限制性定语从句,故应在shop后加逗点“,”；We were led into a nearest fabric shop,which was divided into two parts.
总之，语言的学习是一个长时间积累的过程，英语书面表达也不例外。只有很好地理解英语的表达结构、习惯、語法等，再加以多写多练的积累，英语书面表达自然就会提高。