柴油机排出的废气是大气污染的主要来源,随着我国柴油机拥有量的迅速增加,其废气对环境的污染已不容忽视。 燃油不完全燃烧和机油参与燃烧都会产生黑烟,随着机械零部件磨损、失调、堵塞的增加,排气烟度值亦增大。笔者根据多年的检测、调整和修理实践总结出如下几项调整柴油机技术,以改善排气烟度。 1.调整气门间隙 柴油机配气机构各运动件的磨损,或气门间隙调整螺丝锁帽松动,都将使气门间隙发生变化,从而影响气门的开闭时刻,即配气相位。由于进气不足,排气不净,造成排气冒黑烟。因此,必须按照各型号柴油机保养周期检查,并进行气门间隙的调整。为了弥补由于磨损造成配气相位的变化,可适当将气门间隙调小些,以气门不撞击活塞顶部为准。如果气门间隙已调到了极限值,而配气相位仍未得到足够改善,则应更换凸轮轴。 Exhaust gas from diesel engine is the main source of air pollution. With the rapid increase of diesel engine ownership in our country, its pollution to the environment can not be ignored. Incomplete combustion of fuel and oil combustion will produce black smoke, with the mechanical parts wear, imbalance, blockage increases, the exhaust smoke value also increases. The author based on years of testing, adjustment and repair practices summed up the following several adjustments to diesel engine technology to improve exhaust smoke. 1. Adjust the valve clearance Diesel engine body movement of the wear parts, or valve clearance adjustment screw cap loose, will make the valve clearance changes, thus affecting the valve opening and closing moment, that is, with gas phase. Due to lack of intake, exhaust is not net, resulting in exhaust black smoke. Therefore, we must check each type of diesel engine maintenance cycle, and adjust the valve clearance. In order to make up for the change of gas phase caused by wear and tear, the valve clearance can be appropriately adjusted to a lesser extent, with the valve not hitting the top of the piston. If the valve clearance has been adjusted to the limit and the gas phase has not been sufficiently improved, the camshaft should be replaced.