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目的了解2010—2014年绍兴市学生肺结核流行特征,为制定学校结核病防控策略提供科学依据。方法收集2010—2014年《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》和《结核病管理信息系统》中的肺结核病例信息,对绍兴市学生肺结核流行病学趋势进行统计分析。结果 2010—2014年绍兴市结核病防治机构共报告学生肺结核病例574例,报告学生发病率为16.72/10万,占全人口总发病数的4.48%(574/12 825),其中涂阳189例。发病率、涂阳率均以大学生(49.10/10万,16.77/10万)最高,各学段差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为676.5,195.2,P值均<0.01)。每年4月(97例)、11月(61例)为结核病发病高峰期,病人来源主要为因症就诊(44.60%)和转诊(43.38%),学生肺结核患者就诊延误率为57.67%。结论绍兴市学生肺结核发病呈逐年下降趋势,患者就诊延误较严重。高中和大学生应作为学生结核病防治重点人群,继续加强学校结核病防控工作。
Objective To understand the prevalence of tuberculosis among students in Shaoxing from 2010 to 2014 and to provide a scientific basis for the development of tuberculosis prevention and control strategies in schools. Methods The information of tuberculosis cases in “China Disease Prevention and Control Information System” and “Tuberculosis Management Information System” from 2010 to 2014 was collected, and the epidemiological trend of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shaoxing City was statistically analyzed. Results A total of 574 cases of tuberculosis cases were reported from 2010 to 2014 in TB control in Shaoxing City. The reported incidence was 16.72 / 100 000, accounting for 4.48% (574/12 825) of the total incidence of the population, of which 189 were smear positive. The prevalence rate and smear rate were the highest among college students (49.10 / 100000, 16.77 / 100000). There were significant differences among the different periods (χ ~ 2 values were 676.5 and 195.2, P <0.01 respectively). In April of each year (97 cases) and November (61 cases), the main source of morbidity was tuberculosis (44.60%) and referral (43.38%). The delay rate of visiting tuberculosis was 57.67%. Conclusion The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shaoxing students showed a decreasing trend year by year, and the delay in visiting patients was more serious. High school and college students should be the focus of TB prevention and treatment of students, and continue to strengthen TB prevention and control in schools.