科学界频频出现的科研诚信问题和学术不端现象让公众对科研产出的绩效评估与合理回报产生质疑,基于社会契约理论强调科学与政治彻底分离的科研管理模式已经不适应时代的需要。从利益相关者治理观角度出发,对利益相关者权益的保护和实现对科学的长期发展来说至关重要。通过分析与科学相关的各利益相关者的认知特点、作用和局限,提出由政府牵头,建立起包括政府、科技工作者及其他利益相关者的职责、权利和义务的相一致的共同治理机制和监督体系。 The scientific integrity problems and academic misconduct frequently appearing in the scientific community have caused the public to question the performance evaluation and reasonable return of the output of scientific research. Based on the social contract theory, the scientific management mode of emphasizing the complete separation of science from politics has become unsuitable for the needs of the times. From the point of view of stakeholders governance, the protection and realization of the rights and interests of stakeholders are crucial to the long-term development of science. By analyzing the cognitive characteristics, roles and limitations of various stakeholders related to science, we propose that a government should take the lead in establishing a co-governance mechanism that is consistent with the responsibilities, rights and obligations of government, science and technology workers and other stakeholders And monitoring system.