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韩愈与刘禹锡、柳宗元等对永贞革新认识的异同实与中唐社会思潮、文学思潮和政治背景密切相关。他们都有儒家的积极用世之心,对现实政治问题的许多见解并没有多大不同。但在实现政治理想的过程、在实现政治理想方式上,却表现出很大的区别。首先,对“道”的内容有着不同的解释:韩愈所谓“道”专指儒家仁义之道,而刘柳的“道”亦兼括佛道。其次,刘柳更相信“人为”的力量,认为人胜于天;韩愈则认为人类乃残害天地万物之祸首,认为天胜于人。韩愈重视儒家政治理想和儒家人格标准的完美结合,刘柳则重在“势”字,主张顺应时势,不惮改作。
The similarities and differences between Han Yu and Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan in reformation of Yongzhen are closely related to the social thoughts, literary trends and political backgrounds in Middle Tang Dynasty. All of them have the active worldly view of Confucianism, and they do not differ much from many of the current political issues. However, the process of realizing political ideal has shown great differences in the way of realizing political ideal. First of all, there are different interpretations of the content of “Tao”: Han Yu’s so-called “Tao” refers specifically to the Confucian doctrine of benevolence, and Liu’s “Tao” also includes Buddhism and Taoism. Second, Liu Liu believes that “man-made” strength, that people are better than the sky; Han Yu believes that human beings ruin the culprit in all things, that heaven is better than people. Han Yu attaches great importance to the perfect combination of Confucian political ideals and Confucian standards of personality, while Liu Liu focuses on the word “potential” and advocates conforming to the current situation and daring to make changes.