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【目的】探讨绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum(Meyer-Dür)为害对枣树叶片光合作用的影响及其机制。【方法】以一年生冬枣Zizyphus jujuba cv.Dongzao和酸枣Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa树叶片为试材,测定了绿盲蝽为害1,3,5和7 d时枣树叶片光合速率、气体交换、叶绿素荧光参数和叶绿素含量的变化。【结果】绿盲蝽为害3,5和7 d时冬枣叶片的净光合速率(net photosynthesis rate,Pn)较对照分别降低了55.83%,55.42%和59.61%;而酸枣叶片净光合速率仅在5和7 d时较对照分别降低了26.66%和27.34%。冬枣叶片的气孔导度被绿盲蝽为害3,5和7 d时较对照明显降低。冬枣叶片光合速率的下降与气孔导度(stomatal conductance,Gs)和总叶绿素含量的下降呈显著正相关,而酸枣叶片光合速率的下降仅与叶绿素含量显著正相关。绿盲蝽为害后冬枣和酸枣叶片的快速荧光诱导曲线受到显著影响。冬枣叶片的最大光化学效率(maximum photochemical efficiency,Fv/Fm)在绿盲蝽为害不同时间时相对于对照明显降低,而酸枣叶片没有受到明显的影响。绿盲蝽为害不同时间对冬枣和酸枣叶片的光系统Ⅱ放氧复合体(oxygen-evolving complex,OEC)以及光反应活性中心均造成了伤害,但酸枣受到的伤害程度明显低于冬枣。绿盲蝽为害5和7 d后冬枣叶片的光系统Ⅱ的电子传递活性降低,而酸枣叶片光系统Ⅱ的电子传递活性没有受到显著影响。绿盲蝽为害导致冬枣和酸枣叶片的电子传递的量子产额较对照明显降低,酸枣叶片中的降低幅度低于冬枣。【结论】绿盲蝽为害造成枣树叶片净光合速率明显降低,不同品种存在明显差异,冬枣叶片Pn降低程度明显高于酸枣。绿盲蝽为害后枣树叶片净光合速率的下降与叶绿素含量降低呈显著正相关。绿盲蝽为害影响了枣树叶片PSⅡ的结构和功能,导致供体侧的OEC受到伤害,光合作用PSⅡ反应中心失活,PSⅡ反应中心关闭程度增加,电子传递活性受到了抑制,其中酸枣叶片PSⅡ受到的影响明显低于冬枣叶片。
【Objective】 The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) on the photosynthesis of jujube leaves and its mechanism. 【Method】 The annual jujube Zizyphus jujuba cv. Dongzao and Ziziphus jujuba var. Spinosa leaves were used as test materials to determine the photosynthetic rate, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence Changes in parameters and chlorophyll content. 【Result】 The results showed that net photosynthesis rate (Pn) decreased by 55.83%, 55.42% and 59.61%, respectively, compared with the control, while the net photosynthetic rate of jujube leaves was only 5 And 7 d decreased 26.66% and 27.34% respectively compared with the control. The stomatal conductance of jujube leaves was significantly lower than that of the control at 3, 5 and 7 days after being infected with Apolygus lucorum. The decline of photosynthetic rate of jujube leaves had a significant positive correlation with the decrease of stomatal conductance (Gs) and total chlorophyll content, while the decline of photosynthetic rate of jujube leaves had only a significant positive correlation with the content of chlorophyll. The rapid fluorescence induction curve of jujube and jujube leaves was significantly affected by the infection of Apolygus lucorum. The maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv / Fm) of jujube leaves was significantly lower than that of the control at different times of damage, while jujube leaves were not significantly affected. Injury of Apolygus lucorum caused damage to photosystem Ⅱ oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) and photoreactive center of jujube and jujube leaves at different times, but the jujube damage was significantly lower than that of jujube. The electron transport activity of photosystem Ⅱ in jujube leaves decreased after 5 and 7 days of treatment of A. lucorum, while the electron transfer activity of photosystem Ⅱ of jujube leaves was not significantly affected. The results showed that the quantum yield of the electron transfer of jujube and jujube leaves was significantly lower than that of the control, and the decrease in jujube leaves was lower than that of winter jujube. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of jujube leaves was significantly decreased due to the damage of Apolygus lucorum, and the differences of Pn in different varieties were obvious. The decrease of Pn in jujube leaves was significantly higher than that in jujube. The decrease of net photosynthetic rate and the decrease of chlorophyll content in jujube leaves were significantly correlated with the damage of Apolygus lucorum. The damage caused by Apolygus lucorum affected the structure and function of PSⅡ in jujube leaves, resulting in damage of donor OECs, inactivation of photosynthesis PSⅡ reaction center, increase of PSⅡ reaction center closure and inhibition of electron transport activity. Among them, PSⅡ Affected by significantly lower than the jujube leaves.